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Magnetism
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Magnetism is a force that acts at a distance due to a magnetic field. This field is caused by moving electrically charged particles or is inherent in magnetic objects such as a magnet. A magnet is an object that exhibits a strong magnetic field and will attract materials like iron to it. Magnets have two poles, called the north (N) and south (S) poles. Two magnets will be attacted by their opposite poles, and each will repel the like pole of the other magnet. Magnetism has many uses in modern life.
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Magnetism is the science of magnetic phenomena, including the fields and forces produced by magnets and, more generally, by any moving electric charges. Magnetism is named after Magnesia, a region in central Greece where lodestone (magnetite a form of iron oxide) was found in ancient times. The early Chinese ... knew about this strange rock with the power to attract iron.
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The Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials provides an important forum for the disclosure and discussion of original contributions covering the whole spectrum of topics, from basic magnetism to the technology and applications of magnetic materials and magnetic recording. The journal encourages greater interaction between the basic and applied subdisciplines of magnetism with short but comprehensive review articles, a rapid publication channel with "Letters to the Editor", in addition to full-length contributions. The section on Information Storage: Basic and Applied contains articles on all topics in magnetic recording media and processes.
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Magnetism brings to mind horseshoe magnets and iron filings. However, magnetism is very closely related to electricity. In 1819 the Danish physicist and chemist, Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851), during a lecture demonstration, observed that an electric current can affect a magnetic compass needle* and ... united what until then had been viewed as two distinct subjects[1]. The electric motor is the modern implementation of this phenomenon. In the 1820's Michael Faraday (1791-1867) in England and Joseph Henry (1797-1878) in the United States independently demonstrated that a time-varying magnetic field can produce an electric current. Electric generators and eventually a world dominated by electronics was the result.
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Magnetism can ... be regarded as an aspect of electromagnetism. Magnetic forces are produced by the motion of charged particles such as electrons, indicating the close relationship between electricity and magnetism. The unifying frame for these two forces is called electromagnetic theory (see Electromagnetic Radiation). The most familiar evidence of magnetism is the attractive or repulsive force observed to act between magnetic materials such as iron. More subtle effects of magnetism, however, are found in all matter. In recent times, these effects have provided important clues to the atomic structure of matter.
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