LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Magnesium: Serum Magnesium
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Magnesium is ... an important mineral for endurance athletes. Endurance athletes may become magnesium deficient because of increased magnesium losses in sweat (16,17). Increased energy expenditure may also cause an increase in magnesium requirements. Magnesium supplementation has also been shown to improve cellular metabolism in competitive athletes (18). Another clinical trial which studied the effects of magnesium supplementation (360 mg/day) for 4 weeks in male competitive rowers showed a decrease in serum lactate concentration and oxygen consumption when compared to rowers receiving a placebo (18). In other words, the results of this study suggested that magnesium supplementation may have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and work efficiency.
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Magnesium (Mg) participates in many biochemical reactions which involve a variety of other nutrients. To elucidate some nutrient interactions, fructose (FR) and starch (ST) were compared as carbohydrate sources, and boron (B) and copper (Cu) were added to low-Mg diets for young male rats. Lack of Mg always caused characteristic deficiency symptoms. FR resembled Mg deficiency in effects on body, liver, and kidney weights and on plasma cholesterol level, but did not affect serum Mg or calcium (Ca). FR effects apparently were not mediated by changes in plasma Mg and Ca concentrations and were not prevented by adding Cu. B appeared to lessen effects of a low-Mg diet on body growth, serum cholesterol, and ash concentration in bone, but exacerbated deficiency symptoms, without affecting the concentration of Mg or Ca in serum. Results suggest that increased FR intake and marginal B might adversely affect individuals whose Mg status is suboptimal.
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Because Magnesium is removed from the body solely by the kidneys, the drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Urine output should be maintained at a level of 100 mL every four hours. Monitoring serum Magnesium levels and the patient’s clinical status is essential to avoid the consequences of overdosage in toxemia. Clinical indications of a safe dosage regimen include the presence of the patellar reflex (knee jerk) and absence of respiratory depression (approximately 16 breaths or more/minute). Serum Magnesium levels usually sufficient to control convulsions range from 3 to 6 mg/100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq/liter). The strength of the deep tendon reflexes begins to diminish when serum Magnesium levels exceed 4 mEq/liter.
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Magnesium supplements may reduce the bronchoconstriction in asthma by relaxing the muscle around the bronchial tubes. Intravenous solutions containing magnesium and other nutrients have been used successfully to break acute asthma attacks. Oral use improves breathing in asthmatics and the improvement correlates with serum magnesium levels.
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As serum Magnesium rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the serum level approaches 10 mEq/liter. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Heart block ... may occur at this or lower serum levels of Magnesium.
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Magnesium ions constitute the most physiologically active fraction of magnesium in the body; they are free to join in biochemical body processes and are not attached to other substances. 8 Most clinical laboratories only assess total "serum" magnesium, which mixes up both active and inactive types.
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Serum Magnesium