LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Magnesium: Calcium
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Magnesium is one of the most abundant ions present in living cells and its plasma concentration is remarkably constant in healthy subjects. Plasma and intracellular magnesium concentrations are tightly regulated by several factors. Among them, insulin seems to be one of the most important. In fact, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that insulin may modulate the shift of magnesium from extracellular to intracellular space. Intracellular magnesium concentration has ... been shown to be effective on modulating insulin action (mainly oxidative glucose metabolism), offset calcium-related excitation-contraction coupling, and decrease smooth cell responsiveness to depolarizing stimuli, by stimulating Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. A poor intracellular magnesium concentration, as found in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in hypertensive (HP) patients, may result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity at the insulin receptor level and exaggerated intracellular calcium concentration.
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The magnesium supplements are in the form of magnesium citrate.Magnesium citrate is highly absorbable and tastes great. The calcium supplements, in the form of calcium gluconate are combined with the magnesium supplements to help you absorb the calcium and prevent diseasessuch as osteoporosis. Magnesium is ... necessary to prevent heart disease.
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Magnesium competes with calcium for binding to the troponin molecule found at regular intervals along actin filaments. Troponin undergoes a conformation change and a shift in position upon calcium binding, and hence allows the binding of actin and myosin filaments that occurs prior to muscle contraction. Because magnesium can compete with calcium for troponin binding, it can inhibit this contraction mechanism. A supplement with calcium and magnesium together is not a problem for magnesium absorption if both minerals are chelated and in a plant-base concentrate. Tests have indicated that this type of formula does not inhibit magnesium absorption.
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Magnesium toxicity (hypermagnesemia) is rare because excessive amounts are usually excreted in the urine and feces. Most cases of hypermagnesemia are caused by overuse of dietary supplements containing magnesium. The symptoms of magnesium toxicity include central nervous system depression, muscle weakness, fatigue, and sleepiness. In extreme cases, hypermagnesemia can cause death. It can be treated with intra-venous calcium gluconate along with respiratory support. Severe hypermagnesemia can be treated by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
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[F]rom N. A.: "Magnesium deficiency is thought to be closely related to coronary heart disease, including myocardial necrosis. An inadequate supply of this mineral may result in the formation of clots in the heart and brain and may contribute to calcium deposits in the kidneys blood vessels, and heart. Heart failure resulting from fibrillation and lesions in the small arteries is linked to a deficiency of magnesium, as is vasodilation, which is followed by hyperkinetic behavior and fatal convulsions."
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Magnesium intoxication is manifested by a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of Magnesium intoxication. In the event of overdosage artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected intravenously to antagonize the effects of Magnesium.
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