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Louis Philippe
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The most important event during the ministry of Guizot, in view of its consequences on the fortunes of Louis Philippe, was the Spanish marriages. The Salic law prohibited the succession of females to the throne of France, but the old laws of Spain permitted females as well as males to reign. In consequence, it was always a matter of dynastic ambition for the monarchs of Europe to marry their sons to those Spanish princesses who possibly might become sovereign of Spain. But as such marriages might result in the consolidation of powerful States, and ... disturb the balance of power, they were generally opposed by other countries, especially England. Indeed, the long and bloody war called the War of Spanish Succession, in which Marlborough and Eugène were the heroes, was waged with Louis XIV. to prevent the union of France and Spain, as seemed probable when the bequest of the Spanish throne was made to the Duc d’Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV., who had married a Spanish princess.
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The best biography of Louis Philippe in English is Thomas E. B. Howarth, Citizen-King: The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French (1961). For a scholarly, up-to-date synthesis of the Orleanist era see Paul H. Beik, Louis Philippe and the July Monarchy (1965). David O. Evans gives an excellent analysis of the intellectual movements of the reign in his Social Romanticism in France, 1830-1848: With a Selective Critical Bibliography (1951).
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A potted biography could read like this: Louis Philippe - French musician and writer, born in Normandy, lived in Paris, Brussels and now London, which has been his residence since 1987. Loves his Burgundy wine, Arsenal FC, Francis Poulenc and the poetry of Philip Larkin. So-called 'cult artist' associated with él records in the late eighties, with a small but dedicated fan base; 17 albums released to this date, plus many collaborations with other artists (Valérie Lemercier, April March, Mathilde Santing, Cathal Coughlan, Cinnamon, The Clientele, La Buena Vida, Bertrand Burgalat, Sean O'Hagan, HaLo, Keiichi Suzuki, PJ Proby, Simon Fisher-Turner, Laila Amezian, etc); better known as a political essayist and football writer in his native country; lesser known for his knowledge of edible fungi. Trained as a philosophy teacher, first real job as a cook. Decent-ish chess player. Co-author of the 'Dictionnaire du Rock'.
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Louis Philippe may still be best known as a purveyor of creamy pop confections for Mike Alway's wonderfully eccentric él label, yet his work continued to deepen and develop long after él bit the dust in 1989. He once described his music as "covering the range from pure bubblegum to symphonic sweep, with detours via jazz and soul along the way. A typical album might mix influences from vintage pop, French chanson, Ravel, bossa nova, Duke Ellington, the Shirelles, or the Beach Boys, while classical instruments and intricate backing vocals often feature in the arrangements." Yet although his records should, by rights, appeal to anyone who appreciates the virtues of an elegantly crafted melody swathed in dense harmonies, Philippe's heartfelt and sophisticated records have always struggled to find an audience beyond a loyal -- and far-flung -- coterie of fans. Undaunted... he has continued to make records on his own terms, though at an ever greater remove from the mainstream recording industry. Born Philippe Auclair in Normandy in 1959, he studied and taught philosophy in Paris before releasing his first EP as the Border Boys in 1985.
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Normand, Louis Philippe (1863-1928), president of the Privy Council of Canada (1921), was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, on September 21, 1863. He was educated at Laval University (M.D., 1886), and practised medicine at Three Rivers, of which he was repeatedly mayor. From September to December, 1921, he was president of the Privy Council in the Meighen administration. In 1922 he was elected president of the Medical Council of Canada. He died at Three Rivers on June 27, 1928.
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Louis Philippe was not yet firmly established on his throne. His ministers had suppressed disorders, seized two hundred journals, abolished hereditary peer age, extended the electoral suffrage, while he had married his daughter to the King of Belgium. He now began to consolidate his power by increasing the army, seeking alliances with the different powers of Europe, bribing the Press, and enriching his subordinates. Taxation was necessarily increased; yet renewed prosperity from the increase of industries removed discontents, which arise not from the excess of burdens, but from a sense of injustice. Now began the millennium of shopkeepers and bankers, all of whom supported the throne. The Chamber of Deputies granted the government all the money it wanted, which was lavishly spent in every form of corruption, and luxury again set in. Never were the shops more brilliant, or equipages more gorgeous.
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Louis Philippe