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Louis Pasteur
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Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), a French chemist and bacteriologist, was a pioneer in the fields of bacteriology and preventive medicine. He had already established an international reputation as a chemist and won the Rumford Medal of the British Royal Society for his work on the structure of crystals when he made his first foray into bacteriology in 1854. Having recently been appointed a professor of chemistry in Lille, Pasteur was invited to solve a problem in the fermentation of beer that affected its taste and rendered it undrinkable. He showed that this was caused by bacteria that could be killed by heat. In this way he invented the process for heat treatment to kill harmful bacteria, first applied to the making of beer, then to milk. This process has been known ever since as pasteurization.
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Louis Pasteur was a world renowned French chemist and biologist. He was born on December 27 1822 in the town of Dole in Eastern France. Pasteur's parents were peasants, his father was a tanner by trade. He spent the early days of his life in the small town of Arbois where he attended school and where it seems that Pasteur did not do very well, preferring instead to go fishing. His headmaster... spotted potential in Pasteur and encouraged him to go to Paris to study. So, aged fifteen Pasteur set off for Paris hoping to study for his entrance exams.
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Born on December 27th, 1822 in Dole, France, Louis Pasteur is most famous for his development of the germ theory of disease. Yet, his life and accomplishments reach much farther than that. His early career, at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris saw the study of crystals, which led to the development of stereochemistry, or the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Studying the fermentation of beer and wine, he was able to develop the process of pasteurization, which revolutionized the food industry. Studying the microbes in fermentation, he began to develop vaccines and his germ theory of disease. With his knowledge he was able to save the French silk industry, develop a number of vaccines for deadly contagious diseases, and begin the practice of asepsis in surgery (the sterilization of surgical equipment).
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Born to a tanner, Louis Pasteur wasn’t brought up in a wealthy household. However, young Louis was confident in his intellectual abilities and studied at Arbois and Besancon until 1840. Following, he studied at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and began his doctorate work thereafter. He taught physics in Tournon for a short time, but was then called to study crystals and salts – a problem that was baffling scientists due to the fact that they had different properties. Pasteur found that each isomer had different qualities because they were optical in nature, meaning that some were left-handed and some were right-handed. With this discovery, Pasteur became famous amongst scientists in France and abroad.
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Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 to a family of modest means. Working for his doctorate in the laboratory of Antoine Balard, Pasteur at 26, was able to use the techniques of crystallography to explain the existence of stereoisomers of molecules in natural substances. Later Pasteur married and move to the town of Lille to become Dean and Professor of chemistry at the Faculty of Science. While in Lille, Louie Pasteur began a twenty year study of the process of fermentation. Beginning his research using the methods of a chemist, Pasteur soon realized he needed to develop new procedures and new ways of studying chemical reactions. Actually, he developed methodologies that would evolve into the discipline known as bacteriology, the study of bacteria.
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Louis Pasteur was born in Dole France, married to Marie Laurent and had five children. Three of his children died of typhoid fever, maybe leading to Pasteur's drive to save people from disease. He graduated in 1842 from Besancon College Royal de la Franche with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing. Louis Pasteur later attended Ecole Normale to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals. In his early research Pasteur worked with the wine growers of France, helping with the fermentation process to develop a way to pasteurize and kill germs. Pasteur then worked within the textile industry finding a cure for a disease affecting silk worms.
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Louis Pasteur