LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Liver: Treatments
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The introduction of cyclosporine by Sir Roy Calne markedly improved patient outcomes, and the 1980s saw recognition of liver transplantation as a standard clinical treatment for both adult and pediatric patients with appropriate indications. Liver transplantation is now performed at over one hundred centres in the USA, as well as numerous centres in Europe and elsewhere. One year patient survival is 85-90%, and outcomes continue to improve, although liver transplantation remains a formidable procedure with frequent complications. Unfortunately, the supply of liver allografts from non-living donors is far short of the number of potential recipients, a reality that has spurred the development of living donor liver transplantation.
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The goal of treatment is to restore some or all normal functioning to the liver. Treatment usually begins with abstinence from alcohol. The liver has great restorative power and is often able to repair some of the damage caused by alcohol. In most cases, the only damage it cannot reverse is scarring from cirrhosis.
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Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to decompensated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, treatment of hepatitis C is based on surrogate end points, and evaluation of treatment for clinical end points has only slowly been forthcoming due to the slow course of the disease and the small number of clinical events in patients treated for hepatitis C.
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