LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Liver: Liver Cells
built 605 days ago
Mouse embryonic stem cells that were treated in culture with a growth factor and then injected into the liver reverse a form of hemophilia in mice analogous to hemophilia B in humans. The report of the study appears in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from Feb. 15th.
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The liver first appears as an ento dermal hollow longitudinal outgrowth from the duo denum into the ventral mesentery. The upper part of this forms the future liver, and grows up into the septum transversum from which the central part of the diaphragm is formed (see Diaphragm). From the cephalic part of this primary diverticulum solid rods of cells called the hepatic cylinders grow out, and these branch again and again until a cellular network is formed surrounding and breaking up the umbilical and vitelline veins. The liver cells, therefore, are entodermal, but the supporting connective tissue mesodermal from the septum transversum. The lower (caudal) part of the furrow-like outgrowth remains hollow and forms the gall bladder. At first the liver is embedded in the septum transversum, but later the diaphragm and it are constricted off one from the other, and soon the liver becomes very large and fills the greater part of the abdomen.
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MultiCell Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB: MUCL), an innovator in liver cells, announced today that the U.S Patent Office granted MultiCell US Patent Number 6,872,389 for its liver stem cell invention of Dr. Ronald Faris, MultiCell's Chief Science Officer. This patent contains 24 claims to a method of obtaining a population of liver cell clusters. The Company's previous US liver stem cell patent 6,129,911, issued October 10, 2000 contains 50 claims to an isolated liver cluster, a primary liver stem cell, and a method of obtaining an isolated liver stem cell.
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Now the portal vein transports nutrient-rich blood into the liver through a slit called the “porta hepatis” (Latin for “door to the liver”, see diagram on p. 18). This blood ... includes old red blood cells and hormones from the intestines and the pancreas. The blood leaves the liver by the hepatic veins to a larger main vein, called inferior vena cava, which goes to the heart.
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Bilirubin is a yellow fluid produced in the liver when worn-out red blood cells are broken down. Bilirubin can leak out from the liver into the bloodstream if the liver is damaged. When bilirubin builds up, it can cause jaundice - a yellowing of the eyes and skin, dark urine and light colored feces. The causes of abnormal bilirubin levels include:
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CirrhosisA serious disease of the liver caused by chronic damage to its cells and the eventual formation of scar tissue (fibrosis). The most common symptoms are mild jaundice, fluid collection in the tissues, mental confusion, and vomiting of blood. If left untreated, cirrhosis lead to liver failure and death.
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