LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Lisp Programming Language: List Processing
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The LISt Processing (LISP) programming language, which is based on the lambda calculus, is the second oldest (1958) programming language — only the FORTRAN language is older. LISP became the favored programming language for artificial intelligence research. All program code is written as parenthesized lists. The Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF), which has a LISP-like format, was created to serve as a syntax for first-order logic. The IFF language (or logical notation) (Table1), which is a vastly simplified and modified version of KIF... has a LISP-like format. The IFF language contains both logical code and comments.
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Lisp was the first homoiconic programming language: the primary representation of program code is the same type of list structure that is ... used for the main data structures. As a result, Lisp functions can be manipulated, altered or even created within a Lisp program without extensive parsing or manipulation of binary machine code. This is generally considered one of the primary advantages of the language with regards to its expressiveness, and makes the language amenable to metacircular evaluation.
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The report gives a defining description of the programming language Scheme. Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele, Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have an exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions. A wide variety of programming paradigms, including imperative, functional, and message passing styles, find convenient expression in Scheme.The introduction offers a brief history of the language and of the report.The first three chapters present the fundamental ideas of the language and describe the notational conventions used for describing the language and for writing programs in the language.Sections 5 and 6 describe the syntax and semantics of expressions, programs, and definitions.Section 7 describes Scheme‘s built-in procedures, which include all of the language‘s data manipulation and input/output primitives.Section 8 provides a formal syntax for Scheme written in extended BNF, along with a formal denotational semantics. An example of the use of the language follows the formal syntax and semantics.The report concludes with a list of references and an alphabetic index and is followed by a short list of clarifications and corrections.
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Lisp (which stands for "LISt Processing") is a programming language oriented towards functional programming. Its prominent features include prefix-notation syntax, dynamic typing (variables are type-neutral, but values have implicit type), and the ability to treat source code as first-class objects.
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This course provides students with previous programming experience the chance to learn the lisp programming language. "Lisp" stands for LISt Processing, an interpreted programming language developed for the study of artificial intelligence. However, lisp is found in many domains and is the basis for many commercial systems today. As an interpreted language, lisp is often selected as a extensible scripting language.
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