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Linus Pauling
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Linus Pauling was a brilliant chemist and an untiring political activist who received Nobel Prizes for chemistry and peace. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his chemical research which was centered on the themes of chemical bonding and molecular structure. Published in 1939, his book entitled The Nature of the Chemical Bond remains a landmark study which is still widely read and referenced. Dr. Pauling received the 1962 Nobel Prize for Peace. The award's citation acclaimed him for his work "not only against the testing of nuclear weapons, not only against the spread of these armaments, not only against their very use, but against all warfare as a means of solving international conflicts." Dr. Pauling was the recipient of numerous other awards, including the first Pauling Medal in 1966.
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In November 1949 Linus Pauling, Harvey Itano, S. J. Singer and Ibert Wells published in the journal Science the first proof that a human disease was associated with a change in a specific protein. Using electrophoresis, they demonstrated that individuals with sickle cell disease had a modified hemoglobin in their red blood cells, and that individuals with the sickle cell trait, upon electrophoresis, had both the normal and abnormal hemoglobin. This was the first demonstration of a specific protein associated with a human disease, and the Mendelian inheritance of a change in that specific protein - the dawn of molecular genetics.
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Linus Pauling participated in two psychological studies of the personalities of scientists: Anne Roe's The Making of a Scientist, published in 1953, and Bernice Eiduson's Scientists: Their Psychological World, published in 1962. Both of these studies relied in part on the Rorschach method of personality analysis, a psychological instrument first publicized by Hermann Rorschach in 1921. In the Rorschach, the subject is asked to view a series of black and white and colored ink blots and tell the examiner what he thinks the ink blots might be. The subject examines the ink blots one at a time, and the examiner writes down what the subject says and then goes through the record with the respondent to determine where on the blot each image was seen. Since the ink blots are actually only blobs of ink, the subject must draw on his own mind to find anything there.
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Nobel Prize winning chemist and world-famous scientist Linus Pauling warned that a variant of LDL cholesterol, called lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a) for short, causes blockages in human arteries leading to heart attack and stroke. In 1989, Pauling began his recommendations for large amounts of the amino acid lysine along with vitamin C for cardiovascular disease. He stated that these nontoxic substances are chemicals which inhibit the binding of Lp(a) to the walls of arteries. A one-hour lecture containing this information is now available on DVD from Intelisoft Multimedia, Inc. Previously, the Linus Pauling lecture on the Unified Theory of Cardiovascular Disease was available on VHS video only. The new DVD "chapter" format makes this life-saving information easy to navigate and review
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In addition to the general recognition as one of the two greatest scientists of the 20th century, Linus Pauling was usually acknowledged by his colleagues as the most influential chemist since Lavoisier, the 18th-century founder of the modern science of chemistry. His introductory textbook, General Chemistry, revised three times since its first printing in 1947 and translated into 13 languages, has been used by generations of undergraduates. After Pauling entered the field of chemistry as a professional in the mid-1920s, his work, grounded in physics, has affected the work of every chemist. He is ... often considered the founding father of molecular biology, which has transformed the biological sciences and medicine and provided the base for biotechnology.
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Linus Pauling was born with twin legacies. Although his parents could give him very little in the way of material wealth, they did give him the better gift of great intelligence. His brilliant mind eventually provided him with financial security as well as his greatest happiness. It can ... be argued that this gift of intelligence was responsible for the controversy that seemed to surround everything he did and everything he wrote. He made great intuitive leaps and was frequently criticized for the conclusions he drew from what some felt was too little experimentation, often outside of Pauling's area of expertise.
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Linus Pauling