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Linguistics: Languages
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Linguistics is the discipline that studies the structures, acquisition, and histories of human languages around the world. Linguists are not, then, principally people who know many languages, but rather people who investigate how a language is organized and what features all languages exhibit.
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Ferdinand de Saussure was the founder of modern structural linguistics. Edward Sapir, a leader in American structural linguistics, was one of the first who explored the relations between language studies and anthropology. His methodology had strong influence on all his successors. Noam Chomsky's formal model of language, transformational-generative grammar, developed under the influence of his teacher Zellig Harris, who was in turn strongly influenced by Leonard Bloomfield, has been the dominant model since the 1960s.
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In the 20th cent. the structural or descriptive linguistics school emerged. It dealt with languages at particular points in time (synchronic) rather than throughout their historical development (diachronic). The father of modern structural linguistics was Ferdinand de Saussure, who believed in language as a systematic structure serving as a link between thought and sound; he thought of language sounds as a series of linguistic signs that are purely arbitrary, as can be seen in the linguistic signs or words for horse: German Pferd, Turkish at, French cheval, and Russian loshad'. In America, a structural approach was continued through the efforts of Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, who worked primarily with Native American languages, and Leonard Bloomfield, whose methodology required that nonlinguistic criteria must not enter a structural description. Rigorous procedures for determining language structure were developed by Kenneth Pike, Bernard Bloch, Charles Hockett, and others.
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Linguistics (the scientific study of human language) is about what language is and how it works, and it’s present everywhere you turn--or at least every time you open your mouth to speak. Not only is the development and structure of language fascinating, it can speak volumes about how human brains--and cultures--function.
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"Based on real-time statistical linguistics, statistical semantics and entity extraction technology, Exalead's Web search engine offers a wide range of advanced query capabilities and linguistics features. These include: spelling suggestion, phonetic search, fuzzy matching, proximity search, word stemming, search term highlighting, multi-language search, automatic phrase detection and translation. Additionally, Exalead offers personalization options on its home page, shortcuts and personal bookmarks. A smart preview feature lets users browse results with ease."
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The minor in linguistics provides a solid introduction to the scientific study of language for students in a related major field. Students are required to take: Linguistics 106, Linguistics 351 and Linguistics 406. In addition, 12 units in elective courses selected with the approval of the undergraduate adviser are required. It is ... possible to tailor the minor to individual needs in rounding out a course of study in the student’s major area of specialization.
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