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Latin
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The history of the Latin Kings is one of the untold stories of Chicago's gangland. Latino gangs have played a major role in the history of both Puerto Rican and Mexican history in Chicago.
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The true developers of the Latin alphabet were the Etruscans who dominated the Italian peninsula in pre-Roman times. They were the ones who adapted the early Greek alphabet for writing their language. The Romans took over the Etruscan alphabet for writing their own language. They oginally took 21 of the Greek and Etruscan letters to represent the sounds of their own language. The Greek letters upsilon Y and zeta Z, unnecessary in early Latin, were dropped. However, since the Romans borrowed many words from Greek, they reinstituted the letters Y and Z for spelling words they had borrowed from Greek and added them to the end of the alphabet.
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The Latin Kings have their roots in the Puerto Rican experience in Chicago. Historian Mervin Mendez explains the origins of the first Puerto Rican gangs in Chicago, and relates the history of one of them, the Young Lords Organization. In this interview, Cha Cha Jimenez discusses the YLP history. A detailed interview with Cha Cha by Ralph Cintron and Erika Rodriguez for the Chicago Gang History Project will be posted soon.
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Latin has an extensive flectional system, which mainly operates by appending strings to a fixed stem. Inflection of nouns and adjectives is termed "declension", that of verbs, "conjugation". There are five declensions of nouns, and four conjugations for verbs. The six noun forms (or "cases") are nominative (used for subjects), genitive (show possession), dative (indirect objects), accusative (direct objects, some prepositions), ablative (used with some prepositions), and vocative (used to address someone). In addition, there exists in some nouns a locative case used to express place (normally expressed by the ablative with a preposition such as IN), but this hold-over from Indo-European is only found in the names of lakes, cities, towns, similar locales, and a few other words.
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Vulgar Latin differed from classical Latin in its increased use of prepositions, its less frequent employment of inflection, its greater regularity of word order, and, to some extent, in its vocabulary. Classical Latin was more formal and elegant stylistically. With the triumph of Christianity in the 4th cent. A.D., Vulgar Latin grew in literary significance, as evidenced by the Vulgate, St. Jerome's translation of the Bible into Vulgar Latin. The new religion stressed equality before God, and its advocates tried to reach as many in the empire as possible through the everyday speech of the common people.
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One of Latin music's most versatile and influential bands, La Mafia is best known for its unique style, crossing contemporary Pop sounds with traditional Mexican influences. La Mafia recently released its 35th album, "Para el Pueblo," which features the hit singles "Tienes Razon" and "Sufriendo El Corazon." The album, the group's first in three years, was released on the band's record label, Urbana Records, and won this year's Latin Grammy in the "Grupero" (Group) category. Members include vocalist Oscar de la Rosa, keyboardist/accordionist Armando Lichtenberger, Jr., drummer Joe Gonzales, keyboardist/vocalist David de la Garza, bassist Tim Ruiz and guitarist Ivo Bove.
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