LYCOS RETRIEVER
Karl Marx: Nature
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It is sometimes said that Marx turned Hegel's theories upsidedown, and there is some truth to this. Whereas Hegel gave absolute primacy to Spirit which he believed then generated the universe, Marx argued that the primary driving force behind nature and culture was matter, not Absolute Spirit. By this he did not mean atoms or molecules, but rather the material nature of economic forced of production and exchange.
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How does Marx's conception of labor, wealth, and value compare to Locke's? What does the statement "Nature has no more to do with it [exchange value], than it has in fixing the course of exchange" (281) suggest in this respect?
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Marx's focus on the process of social change is so central to this thinking that it informs all his writings. The motor force of history for Marx is not to be found in any extra-human agency, be it "providence" or the "objective spirit." Marx insisted that men make their own history. Human history is the process through which men change themselves even as they pit themselves against nature to dominate it. In the course of their history men increasingly transform nature to make it better serve their own purposes. And, in the process of transforming nature, they transform themselves.
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