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Karl Marx: London Jenny
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Karl Marx spent the remainer of his life in England, arriving in London in 1849 (see Karl Marx in Soho). His most productive years were spent in the Reading Room of the British Museum where much of his research and writing took place. He wrote a great deal although hardly any of it was published in English until after his death in 1883.
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Marx's clean-shaven appearance and thin, wiry frame was in stark contrast with his powerful stage persona. His early shows at the British Museum reading room left the public either shocked or nonplussed. It was only after he shared a double billing with Rasputin at the Birmingham Bullring that he came to the attention of young Liverpudlian John "Josef" Lenin, who would make Marx's ideas well known. Sadly this recognition came too late for Marx, as his life of excess began to catch up with him. Found passed out, naked, in London's Thames Embankment on an overdose of speedball, his friends dispatched him to a German sanitarium for detox. He was never to return to his birthplace.
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The revival of the democratic movements in the late fifties and in the sixties thrusted Marx back into political work. In 1864 (September 28) the International Working Men’s Association — the First International — was founded in London. Marx was the author of its first address and of a host of resolutions, declaration and manifestos. All the various forms of socialism (Mazzini, Proudhon, Bakunin, liberal trade-unionism in Britain, Lassallean deviations to the right, etc.) of the time were all united in the IWMA. In combating the theories of all these sects and schools, Marx here hammered out uniform tactics for his form of struggle of the working in the various countries.
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During the first half of the 1850s the Marx family lived in poverty and constant fear of creditors in a three room flat on Dean Street in the Soho quarter of London. Marx and Jenny already had four children and three more were to follow. Of these only three survived to adulthood. Marx's major source of income at this time was Engels, who was drawing a steadily increasing income from the family business in Manchester. This was supplemented by weekly articles written as a foreign correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune. Inheritances from one of Jenny's uncles and her mother who died in 1856 allowed the family to move to somewhat more salubrious lodgings at 9 Grafton Terrace, Kentish Town a new suburb on the then-outskirts of London.
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During the first half of the 1850s the Marx family lived in grinding poverty in a three room flat in the Soho quarter of London. Marx and Jenny already had four children and two more were to follow. Of these only three survived. Marx's major source of income at this time was actually Engels who was trying a steadily increasing income from the family business in Manchester. This was supplemented by weekly articles written as a foreign correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune.
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In 1849 Marx moved to London, where he was to spend the remainder of his life. For a number of years, his family lived in poverty but the wealthier Engels was able to support them to an increasing extent. Gradually, Marx emerged from his political and spiritual isolation and produced his most important body of work, 'Das Kapital'. The first volume of this 'Bible of the Working Class' was published in his lifetime, while the remaining volumes were edited by Engels after his friend's death.
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