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Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto
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Marx was a devout believer in the influence of genetics on behavior, believing environment to be of little or no importance. His theories on genetics were over a century ahead of their time, predicting Mendelian inheritance and the semi-conservative model of DNA replication. He is perhaps best known for his quote from the Conservative Manifesto (regarding the replication of the genetic material, not the fundy political group) (1848): "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of biological competition, fought out on the level of genes."
In the introduction, Marx makes two important claims that help to state the purpose for drafting the Manifesto. First, communism is currently recognized as a power by all European powers. Second, communists should henceforth, be open about and publish their views, be clear about their aims/goals, and the time has come for the party to draft a Manifesto.
Marx ... expected that once the proletariat had taken control of all capitalist property, wealth would flow more abundantly for the benefit of all. Then in the "higher phase of communist society," individuals would finally be free to develop their abilities and talents to the fullest. Marx put it this way: "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs."
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Even the most cursory student of Communism is familiar with the seminal role of Karl Marx in the development of Communist ideology. The practical results of Communist revolutions have been so dreadful that Marx scholars have been at pains to point out the numerous doctrinal points on which Communist revolutionaries came to deviate from the teachings of Marx. Yet on an important collection of fundamental issues, the profound influence of Marx on Communist theory and practice is easy to detect.
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Marx rejoined the Communist League and resumed his journalistic activities. But the study of economics had convinced him that "a new revolution is possible only in consequence of a new crisis," an economic crisis.
The Communist Manifesto contains within it, the basic political theory of Marxism - a theory that Marx was to unfold, reshape and develop for the rest of his life. Without doubt, the Manifesto is sketchy and over-simplistic but its general principles were never repudiated by Marx although those parts that had become antiquated he was only too ready to reject or modify.
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