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Kaliningrad: Kaliningrad Region
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Apart from being the leading educational establishment of the Kaliningrad region, IKSUR is ... a large research centre. Research results and achievements by staff and students feed into teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate level. The number of regional, all-Russian and international research conferences hosted by IKSUR is steadily increasing each year. IKSUR researchers play a major role in solving economic, political, environmental and cultural problems in the Kaliningrad region. The results of the research are regularly published by the IKSUR Press, which annually produces more than 100 textbooks and collections of research papers. Current research activities are given full coverage in the University's newspaper "Universitet" as well as on the IKSUR website.
The paper examines current stand on Kaliningrad transit issue analysing transit documents’ schemes after their implementation in 2003. Policy options for both Russia and the EU on the issue of movement of people concerning Kaliningrad Region are reviewed. The paper argues that passenger transit through Lithuania is just a part of a larger circle of problems and as such can be absorbed by more comprehensive solutions. A complex compromise solution is proposed on the basis of partial reciprocity. It is feasible for Russia to introduce visa-free regime for the EU citizens in Kaliningrad Region. On the EU side, visa regime for Kaliningrad may be kept intact, if multi-entry Schengen visas with longer validity will be made available to the residents of Kaliningrad and visa procedures will be eased up.
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As part of wider efforts to preserve nature and improve the quality of life in Kaliningrad there is a need to focus on the environment, and in particular on reducing water pollution. A cleaner Baltic Sea would benefit the whole region and is a priority objective for regional co-operation. In 2002, it was estimated that more than 400,000 tonnes of domestic and industrial waste was being generated every year in Kaliningrad and only a fraction was recycled. As a result, roughly 15 million tonnes of solid waste have accumulated on municipal landfills with no further treatment. These dumping sites represent a major source of air, ground and particularly water pollution.
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The governors of the Kaliningrad, Lipetsk, Novosibirsk, Novgorod and Voronezh regions have already signed the relevant resolutions regulating the manufacture of non-food products containing alcohol and used for hygienic purposes. Health officials are now checking stores across Russia for compliance. Authorities in the Stavropol territory banned the sale of the hawhorn tincture with a 70 percent alcohol content. The Eskulap ("doctor") medication containing up to 90 percent of alcohol in 0.25-liter packs was taken out of circulation in the Rostov region. In the Kostroma region, administration officials imposed fines on distributors in 31 cases.
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Considering the geographic location of Kaliningrad, cross border co-operation is of particular importance. A well functioning transport system connecting the EU and the neighbouring countries is essential for sustainable economic growth and the wellbeing of all citizens in this part of the world. Better integration of national networks will foster regional cooperation and integration not only between the EU and its neighbours, but ... between the neighbouring countries themselves. In short, improving transport connections would be for the mutual benefit of both the European Union and its neighbouring partner countries.
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Kaliningrad Region belongs to the group of regions with a low gross regional product (GRP). The region's geographic location and geopolitical situation, as well as its ice-free coastline and nearness to the Atlantic Ocean, have a strong influence on its economic development. On January 22, 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed the Federal Law "On the Special Economic Zone in Kaliningrad Region," which grants special privileges to economic entities in the region. The creation of the Amber (Yantar) special economic zone was necessary in order to accelerate the region's socioeconomic development, provide favorable conditions for attracting foreign capital and technologies, and increase export opportunities.
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