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Joseph Haydn: Lower Austria
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The most complete Haydn-catalog is made by Anthony van Hoboken. Hoboken was born in Rotterdam (the Netherlands) in 1887. He died in Zurich (Switzerland) in 1983. Hoboken was a Dutch musicologue who studied in Frankfurt (Germany) and Vienna (Austria). In 1957 his famous catalogue
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Haydn grew up in a musical family who lived in Rohrau, Austria, where he was born on March 31, 1732. His parents often invited neighbors to their home, where they gave impromptu concerts. When he was 5 years old, Haydn was sent to live with a relative for comprehensive music instruction. When he was 8 years old, Haydn became a chorister at St. Stephen's Cathedral, where he stayed until his voice broke at age 17.
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Haydn was born in Austria in 1732. He died at age 77 in 1809. His parents were poor and could not afford music lessons. At age 6, Haydn went to live with his cousin who helped begin his music training. He joined the famous boys choir at St. Stephen Cathedral in Vienna.
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Haydn’s keyboard music was stylistically interchangeable between harpsichord and piano, except for the slight proliferation of dynamic directions, absent in most harpsichord music. (Johann Sebastian Bach, in his Concerto in the Italian Style, gave more detailed dynamic indications to keyboardists than any of his predecessors.) In the first movement of the Trio in C Major, Haydn writes  piano(soft) and forte(loud) dynamics, a tenuto, slurs, staccato marks and a crescendo symbol. A harpsichord does not allow the player to increase or decrease volume gradually by means of force on the keys, but a skillful harpsichordist can nonetheless render nuance --- although, admittedly, not on the scale of the pianist’s ability to do so. A resourceful harpsichordist can deliver the illusion of a crescendo by initiating a phrase on the upper, softer manual and bringing down the hands one at a time to the lower, louder manual. The alert, discerning listener will hear subtle harpsichord crescendo  and diminuendo throughout this recording.
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Count Morzin soon suffered financial reverses that forced him to dismiss his musical establishment, but Haydn was quickly offered a similar job (1761) as Vice Kapellmeister to the Esterházy family, one of the wealthiest and most important in the Austrian Empire. When the old Kapellmeister, Gregor Werner, died in 1766, Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.
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Haydn was born in Austria of pure German stock. This has been a point of importance in Europe, as various studies have attempted to claim Haydn as being Czech, or Croatian, or Hungarian or even of Gypsy stock, based on the apparent folk tunes and themes he used. However, E. F. Schmid in 1934 collected decisive evidence to show Haydn’s roots were German. The son of a farmer-wheelwright, Haydn showed immediate music promise and at the age of 5 was given into the care of a Hainburg schoolmaster named Johann Mathias Franck, who taught him the rudiments of music, though Haydn recalled that he had often received “more thrashings than food” from his benefactor! At 8 Haydn was “discovered” by Georg Reutter, who was looking for talented singers for the choir at St. Stephens’ Cathedral in Vienna. Haydn was selected and went off with him to Vienna and became a choirboy, arriving in Vienna in the late spring of 1740. For the next ten years, he was a prominent and well-liked member of the choir, but accounts differ as to whether he received much in the way of systematic musical training beyond singing. Haydn did receive some training by all accounts, so at the least it can be said that his native talent in this area was not neglected so much as malnourished for these ten years.
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