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John Nash: Nobel Prize
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John Forbes Nash is a reluctant celebrity. The arclights are on him and he looks old and weary in the glare. Just this month, at least three Nobel laureates have visited India. Two of the three — all equally accomplished and distinguished in global academic circles — have landed and left without much ado or fanfare. But Nash is the chosen darling of the media.
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Millions have seen the movie and thousands have read the book but few have fully appreciated the mathematics developed by John Nash s beautiful mind. Today Nash s beautiful math has become a universal language for research in the social sciences and has infiltrated the realms of evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and even quantum physics. John Nash won the 1994 Nobel Prize in economics for pioneering research published in the 1950s on a new branch of mathematics known as game theory. At the time of Nash s early work, game theory was briefly popular among some mathematicians and Cold War analysts. But it remained obscure until the 1970s when evolutionary biologists began applying it to their work. In the 1980s economists began to embrace game theory.
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In the late 1980s, Nash began to use electronic mail to gradually link with working mathematicians who realized that he was "John Nash" and his new work had value. They formed part of the nucleus of a group that contacted the Bank of Sweden's Nobel award committee and were able to vouch for Nash's ability to receive the award in recognition of his early work.
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[I]n the 1980s, Nash slowly began to get better -- his delusions diminished and he became more engaged with the world around him. Although it is unclear how it happens, a portion of people with schizophrenia do recover as they age. In 1994, at the age of 66, John Nash received the Nobel Prize in Economics in Stockholm, Sweden, for his work on game theory. Thirty-eight years after their divorce, Alicia and John remarried. Nash has returned to an office at Princeton, where he continues to explore mathematics, the world in which he first succeeded, the world that carried him during his debilitating illness, and the world that has embraced him again.
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Miraculously, the disease began to vanish in the 1970's and Nash returned to his mathematical studies. He won a Nobel Prize in 1994 for a paper written in 1949, called "Nash Equilibrium", for strategic non-cooperative games. He followed this up with "Nash Bargaining Solution"(1951) and "Nash Programme" (1952). Nash is now in his seventies and keeps an office at Princeton in order to continue his work in mathematics.
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In 1950, Nash submitted his equilibrium theory as his Princeton doctoral thesis. It has since become widely used in military and economic strategies, as well as in biology. According to animal behaviorist Peter Hammerstein, quoted by Robert Pool in Science, "The Nash equilibrium turns out to be terribly important in biology. … Such concepts are proving vital in analyzing a range of biological data, from sex ratios to animals' decisions about whether to fight each other for territory or food." The theory earned him the Nobel Prize, shared with fellow game theorists John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten.
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