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John C. Calhoun
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John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) was the seventh Vice President of the United States under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. He previously served as James Monroe's Secretary of War. He resigned from office to fill a South Carolina Senate seat. He was the first Vice President to resign from office. His last words were "The South, the poor south." [1]
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John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) was a Southern politician in the United States before the War of Secession. As a Senator from South Carolina and as Vice President of the United States, he fought fiercely for the extension of slavery into new territories and other issues of interest to the South such as tariff reform. He ... championed an idea he called Nullification, by which a state government could refuse to comply with a duly passed Federal law it found distasteful, effectively subordinating the Federal government to the states. Though he died over a decade before the Confederate States was created by the secession of eleven US states in 1860-61, the secession of the CS's founding states is a direct descendant of his nullification doctrine, and Calhoun is therefore seen as a founding father of the Confederacy.
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John C. Calhoun raised issues which highlighted sectional conflicts and presaged the coming of the Civil War. Born in South Carolina, Calhoun served as secretary of war, secretary of state, and as vice-president to two presidents, John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. He supported a system of national improvements to support growth and increase commerce and communication, but by the late 1820s he switched his opinion to favor states' rights. He was an eloquent spokesman for increasing the authority of states, and led opposition in South Carolina to the protective Tariff of 1828. During 1832, delegates to a state convention in South Carolina declared the tariff null and void in the state and threatened to secede from the union if federal representatives used force to collect duties. Jackson responded to the Nullification Crisis by sending reinforcements and speaking out against the right of any state to ignore a federal law.
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John C. Calhoun remains a striking and central figure in American history. From 1811 to 1850 he served as representative from South Carolina, secretary of war, vice president, secretary of state, and senator. During the same period he was twice contender for the presidency of the United States. From the beginning to the end of his career, Calhoun arrested public attention and influenced public opinion, having major influence on every issue of the period. A champion of state rights, he is an important figure in the drama of expansion ad conflict that is at the heart of American history in the nineteenth-century.
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John C. Calhoun was born on March 18, 1782, in the uplands of South Carolina, the son of Patrick and Martha Caldwell Calhoun. The family was Scotch-Irish and Calvinist and was relatively wealthy; his father owned twenty or more slaves, was a judge, and served in the state legislature. John graduated from Yale in 1804. He studied in the law school of Tapping Reeves in Litchfield, Conn., and in an office in Charleston, S.C., and was admitted to the bar in 1807. He quickly established a practice in Abbeville near his family home.
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The John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630) is moored at Mare Island on August 2, 1969 ready to start her C-3 Poseidon conversion at the yard. Tug Santana (YTM-270) is at the stern and the mast of YTM-435 is visible aft of the sail.
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John C. Calhoun