LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Jim Crow
built 656 days ago
Jim Crow is an artist and teacher who with his wife and two sons, has made Central Missouri his home for the last 27 years. He holds a MFA in Printmaking and Drawing from the University of Missouri at Columbia and a BS in Art Education from Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. Crow is an Associate Professor and department head at East Central College in Union, Missouri.
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Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti-Black racism. Many Christian ministers and theologians taught that Whites were the Chosen people, Blacks were cursed to be servants, and God supported racial segregation.
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The origins of Jim Crow lie in the battered South of the midnineteenth century. The Civil War had ended, but its antagonisms had not; the war of values and political identity continued. Many whites refused to welcome blacks into civic life, believing them inferior and resenting northern demands in the era of Reconstruction, especially the requirement that southern states ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, which would abolish slavery. Southern states initially resisted by passing so-called Black Codes, which prohibited former slaves from carrying firearms or joining militias. More hostility followed when Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1875 (18 Stat. 335), which guaranteed blacks access to public facilities.
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Jim Crow first appears in volume one issue 11 of The Invisibles. Jim Crow is introduced as a hip hop/trip hop artist from the United States. Issue 11 makes no mention really of the current story arc, showing that the Invisibles as a whole are on a global scale, and not just confined to King Mob, Ragged Robin, Jack Frost, Boy and Lord Fanny. Jim Crow dispatches a group of corporate big wigs who are selling a specially synthesized crack cocaine-esque product which when smoked immediately kills the user, leaving their body open and ready to be manipulated by someone from a distance. Essentially the victim is turned in to a controlable zombie.
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Jim Crow was wounded in the 1950s and 1960s. The Supreme Court decision, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) ruled segregated schools unconstitutional. This hastened the end of legal segregation, but it did not end it, as evidenced by the need for the Civil Rights Movement. Whites, especially northerners, were confronted with images of black protestors being beaten by police officers, attacked by police dogs, and arrested for trying to vote, eat at segregated lunch counters, and attend "white" schools. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, passed after (and maybe because of) President John F. Kennedy's death, was certainly a blow to Jim Crow.
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The story of the struggle during Jim Crow is told through the eyes of those who experienced it. Some are historical figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells and Walter White. Others are everyday local heroes like William Holtzclaw, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Ned Cobb, "Pap" Singleton and Barbara Johns.
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Jim Crow