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Jim Crow Law
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Other Jim Crow Laws regulating a variety of negro activities were enacted during this period in history. In 1909 in Mobile, Alabama, a curfew law required blacks to be off the streets by 10 p.m. In 1915, the Oklahoma State Legislature required the telephone company to maintain separate booths for blacks and whites. In North Carolina and Florida, public schools were required to keep the textbooks of one race separate from those used by the other. Florida specified separation even while school books were in storage. South Carolina segregated schools into a third caste, with separate schools for mulatto children. In Atlanta, Georgia Jim Crow bibles were provided for negro witnesses in court.
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Jim Crow Laws had a great effect on colored people. The Jim Crow Laws were used to enforce segregation and keep different racial groups seperated from one another. However, the year of 1965 marked the end of segregation of the races of white and black. "As a legal entity Jim Crow could at least be pronounced virtually a thing of the past. If Jim Crow was dead... his ghost still haunted a troubled people and the heritage he left behind would remain with them for a long time to come" (Woodward, 1966:191).
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The Jim Crow Laws emerged in southern states after the Civil War. First enacted in the 1880s by lawmakers bitter about their loss to the North and the end of slavery, the statutes separated the races in all walks of life. The resulting legislative barrier to equal rights created a racial caste system that favored whites and repressed blacks, an institutionalized form of inequality that grew in subsequent decades with help from the U.S. Supreme Court. Although the laws came under attack over the next half century, real progress against them did not begin until the Court began dismantling segregation in the 1950s. The remnants of the Jim Crow system were finally abolished in the 1960s through the efforts of the civil rights movement.
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Jim Crow Laws included many court cases that challenged segregation. Plessy v. Ferguson was one of the first court cases that challenged segregation. Plessy filed a lawsuit because he felt that he was treated unfairly on a train. Plessy was half-white and half-black. He was sitting in the white section of the train car when he was told to move to the colored section of the car. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was equal.
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Many Jim Crow Laws were enacted in the years between 1900 and 1920. Up until 1900, the only Jim Crow Law on the books in most Southern states was the law segregating first class railroad cars. This law was expanded to include street cars, steamboats and second class railroad cars. In Southern states , signs were erected that read “Whites Only” and “Colored Only”. These signs were at the entrances and exits to public buildings, theaters, boarding houses, toilets, drinking fountains, waiting rooms and ticket windows.
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The Jim Crow Laws were named for an ante-bellum minstrel show. The shows would ridicule blacks, mock their cultures and in general their lives. One particular minstrel show always ended with a chorus which mentioned Jim Crow, “Weel about and turn about and do jis so, Eb’ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow.” The name “Jim Crow” was deemed an appropriate name for the laws that would restrict African Americans lives for approximately the next 80 years. From 1877 till 1954 the laws remained in use. The laws were not uniform throughout all the states. Each state was able to create its own individual laws.
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Jim Crow Law