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Jewish Women
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The National Council of Jewish Women is a volunteer organization that has been at the forefront of social change for over a century. Inspired by Jewish values, NCJW courageously takes a progressive stance on issues such as child welfare, women's rights and reproductive freedom. Join NCJW ncjwhouston@yahoo.com.
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With the founding of the Jewish Women’s Union (Jüdischer Frauenbund, the JFB) in 1904, Pappenheim set up an organisation specially tailored to representing the interests of Jewish women. The JFB was to have been an explicitly religious organisation and was, according to Ottilie Schönewald, conceived as a “Mission for the Jewish Woman’s World”. (Blätter des Jüdischen Frauenbundes [BJFB], Nr. 7/8, 1936, p. 8) Bertha Pappenheim was particularly dedicated to the fight against selling young girls and women into prostitution. She travelled to Eastern Europe to gather background information and speak with women directly affected by the problem.
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“The Jewish Women’s Archive has created this interactive site, which explores the role of Jewish women in the feminist revolution. Visitors can elect to move through the materials on the site by following a timeline, viewing a number of themes, or searching the entire collection. Some of these compelling themes include “Confronting Power”, “Feminism and Judaism”, and “Setting the Feminist Agenda”. The timeline is a good way to peruse some of these documents and experiences, as it includes information on such luminaries as Sally Priesand (the first woman rabbi in America) and the First Conference on Jewish Women in 1973.”
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Since its establishment in 1995, the Jewish Women’s Archive (JWA) has been committed to digitizing as many records about Jewish women in America as exist. In doing so, it is arguing that history must be examined in gendered terms. The jwa’s online exhibit, Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution, exploits the online format to provide a rich, multilayered history of Jewish women’s activism in the United States from 1963 through 1999.
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By 1920, Jewish women of Eastern European heritage and their American-born children outnumbered Central European Jewish immigrants and their native American Jewish children by five to one. Concentrated in the large urban centers, hundreds of thousands of these female immigrants made a living in the garment industry and sweatshops, as reflected in the photographs and field reports of reformer Lewis Hines (see Prints and Photographs Images from Organizations' Records). Many of their daughters who took advantage of public schools and higher education became teachers and others became physicians, dentists, or lawyers. Other first-generation Jewish women became union leaders and political radicals.
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When Jews recognized their needs for a hospital which particularly served some of their particular requirements such as Kosher food and Yiddish speaking physicians, Lottie Feibelman stepped in to organize Jewish women in support of such an institution. From 1906 to 1916, Lottie was president of the Ladies Auxiliary of Boston's Mount Sinai Hospital Outpatient Clinic, a precursor of Beth Israel Hospital. Under Lottie's leadership, approximately 350 Jewish women raised monies, initially for medical instruments, linens, and general medicinal purposes, and, later, for research, social services, and a building fund. While the buildings of Mount Sinai Outpatient Clinic no longer exist, its sites were on the now defunct Chambers Street as well as on Staniford Street.
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