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Jainism: Living Beings
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Jainism enumerates five great vows: Ahimsa, Satya. Astheya, Parimitha Parigraha and Brahmacharya. Non-injury, truth, non-stealing, limited possession and chastity are only approximate translations for the terms mentioned. Jainism ... prescribes the three-fold path of Right knowledge, Right faith and Right conduct. Jainism emphasises that all sins emanate from Himsa - injury by thought, word or deed to any living being. The first and foremost Dharma is Ahimsa.
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Ahimsa (Non-violence) is the underlying philosophy of Jainism. The Ahimsa of Jainism is very comprehensive and is concerned not only with Human beings but ... every living being. Whether it is animals, plants, insects or microbes. Detailed description of types of living beings and ways to minimize and avoid violence is given in thousands of centuries old Jain scriptures.
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The five nonliving entities together with the living beings, totaling six are aspects of reality in Jainism. They are ... known as six universal entities, substances or dravyas. All of the six substances are indestructible, imperishable, immortal, eternal and continuously go through countless changes.
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Ahimsa and Anekäntväd (non-violence and multiplicity of views) are the basis and the life-force of Jainism. All other Jain philosophies are branches off these two main philosophies. Major fundamentals of non-violence are: 1) all living beings are equal, 2) every living being wants to live and does not want to die, 3) every living being wants to be happy and does not like pain and 4) you treat others the way you like to be treated.
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Ahimsa (non-violence) is the most important principle of the Jainism. Ahimsa is non-injury, physical and mental. One should not hurt another in body, mind and speech, one should avoid directly causing injury to a living being, one should not cause others to commit injury, nor should one consent to the causing of injury. Injury is the hurt caused to a living being intentionally, through negligence or under the impulses and emotional stress. Another important fundamental concept of Jainism is Anekanta.
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