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Ivan Pavlov: Nobel Prize
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Ivan Pavlov a Russian psychologist was born in Ryazan' in 1849. His father was a clergyman and he originally set his goal to become a priest. He attended the University of St. Petersburg, where he developed an interest in physiology, and changed careers. In 1883 he became a medical doctor. Pavlov's strong desire for scientific research led him to be awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904, for his pioneer work on the physiology of the digestive system.
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In the early stages of his research, Pavlov received world recognition. In 1901, he was elected as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1904, he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his research on digestion, and in 1907, he was elected Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences; in 1912, he was given an honorary doctorate at Cambridge University. In the next few years, honorary memberships of various different scientific societies. Finally, with the recommendation of the Medical Academy of Paris, Pavlov was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor (1915).
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Unlike many pre-revolutionary scientists, Pavlov was highly regarded by the Soviet government, and he was able to continue his researches until he reached a considerable age. Pavlov himself was not favorable towards Marxism, but as a Nobel laureate he was seen as a valuable political asset.[1][2] After returning from his first visit to the United States in 1923 (the second was in 1929), he publicly denounced Communism, stated that the basis for international Marxism was false, and said that "For the kind of social experiment that you are making, I would not sacrifice a frog's hind legs!" In 1924, when the sons of priests were expelled from the Military Medical Academy in Leningrad (the former Imperial Medical Academy), he resigned his chair of physiology announcing, "I ... am the son of a priest, and if you expel the others I will go too!" [3] After the murder of Sergei Kirov in 1934, Pavlov wrote several letters to Molotov criticizing the mass persecutions which followed and asking for the reconsideration of cases pertaining to several people he knew personally.
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In 1897, Pavlov published his results and generalizations in a book called "Work of the Digestive Glands". For this work, he was the first Russian and physiologist to receive the Nobel Prize, which was awarded in 1904.
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Pavlov was vooral geïnteresseerd in het gedrag van mensen en dieren, in het bijzonder de reflexen. Aangeleerd gedrag is de rode draad in zijn werk. Hij is met name bekend vanwege zijn theorie over 'klassiek conditioneren'. Voor zijn grote bijdrage aan de wetenschap ontving hij een Nobelprijs in 1904. Pavlov stief in 1936 in Rusland.
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Pavlov received considerable acclaim for his work, including a 1901 appointment to the Russian Academy of Sciences and the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The Soviet government ... offered substantial support for Pavlov’s work, and the Soviet Union soon became a well-known center of physiology research.
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