LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Isotope: Isotopes
built 285 days ago
Isotope 217 on Isotope 217- " It is hard to state exactly what this band is because of the diverse influences of the participants. One might say an eclectic avant funk ensemble dedicated to the Phonometric * system of universal thought. One might ... say a freewheeling trans-moleculer unit dedicated to the betterment of all worlds. *phonometrics are, as described by Satie, the Science of measuring sound.
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Instead of using a centralized server, Isotope allows the creator of each world to host it himself. Worlds are linked together with "stargate"-like hyperlinks. But unlike the World Wide Web, Isotope lets you play and interact with others who are visiting the same site.
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To obtain an appreciable concentration, or enrichment, in the desired isotope, it is necessary to separate further the enriched fraction. This process is usually carried out by means of a cascade, comprising a large number of stages. The enriched fraction from any stage becomes the raw material for the next stage, and the depleted fraction, which still contains a considerable percentage of the desired isotope, is mixed with the raw material for the preceding stage. Even the depleted material from the original stage is stripped in additional stages when the raw material (for example, uranium) is scarce. Suitable apparatus is designed to make the flow from stage to stage automatic and continuous.
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Kinetic isotope effects (KIE) refer to the impact on reaction rate when one of the atoms in a molecule is replaced by its isotope. For example, replacing hydrogen (H) in a molecule with its isotope deuterium (D), which is heavier by one neutron, can slow down a reaction by up to 20 times. From rate information scientists learn about what happens to molecules during a reaction. They gain information about the changes as the reactants form new products during the course of the reaction,.
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Only 80 elements have stable isotopes, and 16 of these have only one stable isotope. Most elements occur naturally on Earth in multiple stable isotopes, with the largest number of stable isotopes for an element being ten, for tin (element number 50). There are about 94 elements found naturally on Earth (up to plutonium, element 94, inclusive), though some are detected only in very tiny amounts, such as plutonium-244. Lindsay [3] estimates that the elements which occur naturally on Earth (some only as radioisotopes) occur as 339 isotopes (nuclides) in total. Only 269 of these naturally occurring isotopes are stable, and the other 70 are radioactive, but occur on Earth due to their relatively long half-lives, or from other means of natural production. An additional ~ 2700 radioactive isotopes not found in nature have been created in nuclear reactors and in particle accelerators.
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The code is well commented and the Isotope guide provides an overview, a tutorial, a programmers interface description and a system architecture description. At present the guide is written for the Python version but can be used for the other versions as well
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