LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Iso 9660: Files
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A directory in an ISO 9660 volume is recorded as a file containing a set of directory records. Each directory record describes a file or another directory. Every directory has a parent directory. The Root directory's parent is the Root directory itself. Each directory ... contains a record for its parent directory. A given directory may contain entries for several files as well as for several directories, all of which have the same parent.
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ISO 9660 Level 1 is similar to the MS-DOS file system. Filenames are limited to eight single-case characters, a period, and a three-character extension. Filenames cannot contain special or extended characters, (no hyphens, tildes, equal signs, or plus signs). Filenames can contain only single-case letters, numbers, and underscores. Directory names cannot contain three-digit extensions; they can contain only eight single-case characters.
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Version 1 of ISO 9660 File Access and High Sierra File Access had a misfeature that slowed down volume mounting times on CD-ROMs with a large number of files. Because neither the ISO 9660 nor the High Sierra format contains a count of the total number of files on a volume, the access software was iterating over the volume to find this number to stuff into the volume control block. This could make a CD-ROM with 10,000 files on it take up to 20 minutes to mount.
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There are currently four types of Volume Descriptors defined in ISO 9660. Only one of them, the Primary Volume Descriptor, is commonly used. The other types are the Boot Record, the Supplementary Volume Descriptor, and the Volume Partition Descriptor. The Boot Record can be used for systems that must perform some type of initialization before the user can access the volume, although ISO 9660 does not specify what information must be in the Boot Record or how it is to be used. The Supplementary Volume Descriptor (SVD) can be used to identify an alternate character set for the use by systems that do not support the ISO 646 character set. The Joliet specification utilizes SVD particularly to specify a set of files recorded within Unicode character set.
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Many products are posted as ISO-9660 image files. An ISO-9660 image file is an exact representation of a CD, including the content and the logical format. The most common use of an image file is to write it to a blank CD-R resulting in an identical copy of the original CD including file name and volume label information. ISO image files may ... be opened and their contents copied to a local folder, much like ZIP files. ISO files may also be virtually mounted and accessed as a CD-ROM device. These three methods of using ISO images are described below.
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The files ISO 9660 File Access and High Sierra File Access each contain a resource used to determine if the Macintosh should use a secondary volume descriptor. The NRVD resource contains a word for the volumeFlags field, followed by 32 bytes for the escapeSequences field. If a secondary volume descriptor exists, and if the volume flags and escape sequences match those in the NRVD resource, then the secondary volume descriptor is used instead of the primary volume descriptor.
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