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Islam: Prophets
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Islam teaches that Jesus was one in the line of prophets sent to the children of Israel. He brought the message that reiterated the need of submission to God Almighty and obedience to God's law as had been given to Moses. The Qura'n states the miraculous birth of Jesus to the virgin mother, Mariam, by the command of God Almighty. The Qura'n ... compares the birth of Jesus without a father with the creation of Adam, who was born without the presence of any parent. The Qura'n states that Jesus was a human being, who delivered the message of One-ness of God and taught that God should be worshipped.
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Ali's death ended the last of the so-called four orthodox caliphates and the period in which the entire community of Islam recognized a single caliph. Muawiyah proclaimed himself caliph from Damascus. The Shiat Ali refused to recognize him or his line, the Umayyad caliphs, and withdrew in the first great schism to establish the dissident sect, known as the Shias, supporting the claims of Ali's line to the caliphate based on descent from the Prophet. The larger faction, the Sunnis, adhered to the position that the caliph must be elected, and over the centuries they have represented themselves as the orthodox branch.
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The Encyclopedia Britannica is a good resource for understanding the roots of Islam. Mecca at the time the prophet was born was inhabited by the tribe of Quraysh (Koreish) to which the clan of Hasim belonged. The city was a mercantile center with shrines to many gods, chief of whom was Ilah. The Ka'bah sanctuary in the city square guaranteed the safety of those who came to trade. The pre-Islamic deities of Arabia which were most venerated were astral deities, especially the triad of the moon god, the sun goddess, and the god associated with the planet Venus. The moon god was the chief and was protector of the cities.
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Islam's attitude to non-theistic or non-monotheistic religions (e.g. Buddhism) or to newer monotheistic religions like Bahai'ism has been marked by cruel persecution both in the past (against the Buddhists in mogul India) and the present (against the Baha'is in Iran today). With Hinduism and Buddhism there is opposition to the latter's use of "idols". Islam's bad attitude to Bahai'sm is due to the fact that Bahu'llah claimed to be a prophet of God, but according to Islam that is impossible because Mohammad was the last of the prophets (the "seal of the prophets" - like a wax seal that closes a letter). The Bahai's get around this by saying that Mohammad was the last prophet of the old cycle, and Baha'ullah is the first of the new cycle. In any case, Baha'ism is so similar to Islam it can practically be considered a liberal reform version of it (despite differing in almost every minor detail).
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Like with other religions, over the time different movements have developed in Islam. These movements are based on different interpretations of the scriptures.The Muslim is that who is just Muslim.Holy Prophet(PBUH) says"Only thoese can go in HEAVEN have stamp of any movement".
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Prophets