LYCOS RETRIEVER
Inflation: Inflation Targeting
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The Neo-Keynesians went to some great efforts to incorporate inflation into their world, and they duly believed that much was gained in terms of closing their model and engendering new policy perspectives. But the next question seemed to be a more pertinent one: what are the implications of inflation on the workings of the rest of the model?
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One of the most severe challenges for inflation arises from the need for fine tuning in inflationary theories. In new inflation, the slow-roll conditions must be satisfied for inflation to occur. The slow-roll conditions say that the inflaton potential must be flat (compared to the large vacuum energy) and that the inflaton particles must have a small mass.[46] In order for the new inflation theory of Linde, Albrecht and Steinhardt to be successful, therefore, it seemed that the universe must have a scalar field with an especially flat potential and special initial conditions.
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Euro area annual inflation was 3.1% in November 2007, up from 2.6% in October. A year earlier the rate was 1.9%. Monthly inflation was 0.5% in November 2007. EU annual inflation was 3.1% in November 2007, up from 2.7% in October. A year earlier the rate was 2.1%. Monthly inflation was 0.5% in November 2007.
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The first panacea for a mismanaged nation is inflation of the currency; the second is war. Both bring a temporary prosperity; both bring a permanent ruin. — Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), U.S. author.
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As destructive as this scenario appears to be, an even more devastating result of grade inflation and related factors has been suggested. For some time Glasser (1992) has been encouraging schools to create quality learning experiences for children. Quality exists when learning experiences satisfy students' basic needs and add meaning t120, no. 3 (Spring 2000): p. 538-546o their lives. Students will not work hard in school unleSS they believe that there is high value and quality in what they are asked to do. They ... need to have a clear idea of what a good education is and what is needed to achieve a high level of accomplishment in their lives in the future. Each individual must have a clear idea of what quality is for himself or herself.
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The degree of grade inflation at some prestigious colleges and universities can be staggering. At Harvard in 1992, 91 percent of all undergraduate grades were B- or higher. In 1993, 83.6 percent of all Harvard seniors graduated with honors. At Stanford, typically only 6 percent of all students' grades were Cs. The university, until recently, did not permit an F grade. [10]
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