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Inflammation: Infections
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Balanitis is inflammation of the glans penis (the cone-shaped end of the penis). Posthitis is inflammation of the foreskin. Commonly, a yeast or bacterial infection beneath the foreskin causes posthitis. Inflammation of both the glans penis and the foreskin (balanoposthitis) can ... develop. The inflammation causes pain, itching, redness, and swelling and can ultimately lead to a narrowing (stricture) of the urethra. Men who develop balanoposthitis have an increased chance of later developing balanitis xerotica obliterans, phimosis, paraphimosis, and cancer.
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Although inflammation is the unifying factor among the diseases listed above, the treatment approach required for each type of inflammatory disease may be unique. For example: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which produce inflammation and ulceration in the intestines, both result from a damaging inflammatory response involving the recruitment and activation of white blood cells that make up one of the immune system's early defense mechanisms. Ulcerative colitis causes bleeding and inflammation of the mucous layer lining the bowel and rectum, while Crohn's disease is an inflammation that extends deeper into all layers of the intestinal wall, and frequently involves both the small and large intestines. Current drug therapy for serious cases involves the use of drugs which suppress the immune system, and as a result carry a risk of infection and unwanted side effects, particularly when they are used over long periods. Many of the current therapies available today for inflammatory disorderstreat only the symptoms of the disease, and not the underlying cause of inflammation.
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, or membranes around the brain and spinal cord. The disease commonly results through infection with microbes, such as viruses and bacteria. Some cases develop without infection; reactions to certain drugs or noninfectious brain diseases may produce meningitis. Viral meningitis is the most common form of the disease.
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NUCRYST Pharmaceuticals NCST TSX:NCS develops, manufactures and commercializes medical products that fight infection and inflammation using its patented atomically disordered nanocrystalline silver technology. Smith & Nephew plc sell a range of advanced wound care products under their Acticoat(TM) trade mark: Acticoat(TM) products incorporate NUCRYST's SILCRYST(TM) coatings and are sold in over 30 countries. NUCRYST is ... developing pharmaceutical products to address medical conditions that are characterized by both infection and inflammation. The Company has developed its proprietary nanocrystalline silver in a powder form for use as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, referred to as NPI 32101.
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The most common cause of joint inflammation is arthritis or osteoarthritis, followed by rheumatoid arthritis. Infections can ... cause joint inflammation but this is not as common as osteoarthritis. Knee inflammation can be caused by bursitis, gout, and other causes. NSAIDs and COX2 inhibitors are used by the medical profession.
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Bacterial infections are the most common cause of gastrointestinal inflammation. These infections can come from impure drinking water, foods that are not fresh, or poor hygiene and sanitation. All water should be chemically treated or boiled before drinking. Foods should be cooked thoroughly and leftovers should be refrigerated. Frequent hand washing can help prevent transmission of bacterial disease.
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