LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Inflammation: Cytokines
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In the preclinical study described in JCI, mice predisposed to elevated adenosine levels developed pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis and enlargement of air sacs in the lungs called alveolar spaces. Treatment with CVT-6883 reduced these conditions and ... significantly reduced elevations in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In a separate in vivo model, CVT-6883 also inhibited pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by bleomycin.
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In the same way, Dr. Tracy said, smoking, obesity and arthritis can ... crank up inflammation. Obesity promotes inflammation because fat cells produce cytokines, the proteins that promote inflammation. In a recent Italian study, a group of obese women were able to significantly lower their cytokine levels by losing 10 percent of their body fat.
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If inflammation of the affected site persists, released cytokines IL-1 and TNF will activate endothelial cells to upregulate receptors VCAM, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and L-selectin for various immune cells. Receptor upregulation increases extravasation of neutrophils, monocytes, activated T-helper and T-cytotoxic, and memory T and B cells to the infected site.
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Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis are ... believed to be linked to inflammation. In arthritis, for instance, inflammatory cells called cytokines lead to the production of enzymes that break down cartilage in joints.
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Alternatively, signaling cells may release cytokines that up regulate adhesion molecules that stimulate cellular migration into a focus of inflammation. The up regulation correlates with the size of the eosinophil response in the airways.
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Cytokines