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Incas: Francisco Pizarro
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Incas [W]ere the leaders of the largest American empire. At the end of the 14th century the empire began to expand from its initial territory in the Cuzco area, the southern Andean mountains of South America. This expansion ended brutally with the Spanish invasion leaded by Francisco Pizarro in 1532.
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The Incas had an army which consisted of 40,000 people. The Spanish army in the Americas, which was commanded by Francisco Pizarro, had only 180 people. How could an Army of only 180 defeat an army of 40,000 men? There are three main reasons for this.
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The mighty empire of the Incas collapsed abruptly in 1532 with the arrival of a small band of Spanish conquerors led by Pizarro. The Inca king, Atahualpa, had believed the light-skinned Spaniards were demigods and trusted them. This made it easy for Pizarro to capture and later execute Atahaulpa. Although the Incas greatly outnumbered Pizarro's band of 180 soldiers, the Incas' primitive weapons were no match against the Spaniards' guns and canons. The Incas' resistance did not last long. When the last Inca ruler was killed the long period of Spanish domination began. During the Spanish domination huge numbers of Incas died from the diseases brought by the Spanish colonists, as happened ... with the native people in Central America and Mexico.
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Francisco Pizarro was the man mostly responsible for the conquest of the Incas, though he was partnered with two others. They were Diego de Almagro and the priest Hernando de Luque (Hemming 24). Their primary objective was, of course, riches, christianization being second on their list. Pizarro himself came from poverty and sought all of the things that he never had. And he had heard that the Indians living on the mainland had a fortune in gold and silver. Keeping in mind that fact that there was little social mobility on Spain, it is ... probable that Pizarro wanted to obtain the role and riches of a noble that he could never get back home.
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The Spaniards set up a system of "encomiendas," a system that attempted to wed features of Spanish feudalism with the local tributary system of the Incas. Encomiendas were estates that Pizarro awarded to his cronies, upon which all resident Indians had to provide labor services, especially mining, to the landlord. The Spanish rulers enticed and bribed local Indian chiefs into collaborating with this system. They murdered those who resisted.
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In 1531, Spaniard Francisco Pizarro invaded the Incas. With only 200 soldiers he managed to kidnap Atahualpa, the then-current Inca. Atahualpa resisted Pizarro's attempts to use him as a puppet ruler, so Pizarro executed him in 1533. After another forty years of struggles, the Spanish finished conquering the Incas in the 1570s.
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Francisco Pizarro