LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Immunization: Vaccines
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The nasal cavity is increasingly recognized as the ideal immunization route since most infectious diseases enter the body through mucosal surfaces such as those found in the nasal cavity, the lungs, and the intestines. Nasal immunization not only induces a systemic response, but ... induces mucosal response, providing protection at the entry point. GelVac(TM) is a novel in- situ gelling powder formulation for nasal delivery. The GelSite(R) polymer enables in-situ gelling of the vaccine powder, which changes into gel particles upon exposure to nasal fluids present in the nasal passage. This gel adheres to the mucosal lining and provides prolonged residence time and sustained antigen release that, in turn, increase antigen delivery.
Passive immunization is performed without injecting any antigen. In this method, vaccines contain antibodies obtained from the blood of an actively immunized human being or animal. The antibodies last for two to three weeks, and during that time the person is protected against the disease. Although short-lived, passive immunization provides immediate protection, unlike active immunization, which can take weeks to develop. Consequently, passive immunization can be lifesaving when a person has been infected with a deadly organism.
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Over 80% immunization coverage achieved throughout the Caribbean with quality service and potent vaccines An active, intensive, sensitive surveillance system in place for polio and measles. Polio declared eradicated in 1994. Measles has not been diagnosed since 1991 despite active weekly intensive surveillance from over 600 units from 19 countries. Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus are virtually unknown. Less than 10 cases per year occur throughout the Caribbean.
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Active immunization may cause fever, malaise and discomfort. Some vaccine may ... cause joint pains or arthritis (rubella), convulsions, sometimes fatal (pertussis), or neurological disorders (influenza). Allergies to eggs may develop as a consequence of viral vaccines produced in eggs (measles, mumps, influenza, yellow fever). Table 2 summarizes frequencies of undesirable effects of diphtheria-tetanus-polio (DTP) vaccine.
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The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is now available at BCPH immunization clinics. The HPV vaccine prevents most cervical cancers in women, and is recommended for all girls and women, ages 9 through 26. The complete immunization series consists of three shots given over a 6-month period. HPV vaccine costs $14 per shot for girls 9 through 18 years of age, and costs $150 per shot for women 19 through 26 years of age. More
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MEASLES : The State Department of Health Services (DHS) requires two doses of measles vaccine to ensure adequate immunization. You must present proof of two doses, the first must have been administered after January 1, 1969, and the second after December 31, 1979 (at least one month apart). You must present documentation of the second vaccination before you will be permitted to register for subsequent semesters.
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