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Immunization: Vaccines
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Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert over 2 million deaths each year. It is one of the most cost-effective health investments, with proven strategies that make it accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. It has clearly defined target groups; it can be delivered effectively through outreach activities; and vaccination does not require any major lifestyle change.
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Iomai Corporation discovers and develops vaccines and immune system stimulants, delivered via a novel, needle-free technology called transcutaneous immunization (TCI). TCI, discovered by researchers at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, taps into the unique benefits of a major group of antigen-presenting cells found in the outer layers of the skin (Langerhans cells) to generate an enhanced immune response. Iomai is leveraging TCI to enhance the efficacy of existing vaccines, develop new vaccines that are viable only through transcutaneous administration and expand the global vaccine market. Iomai currently has four product candidates in development: three targeting influenza and pandemic flu and one to prevent travelers' diarrhea. For more information on Iomai, please visit http://www.iomai.com.
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Each of the initial HVDDT contracts proposes using a DNA-based HIV vaccine for the initial immunization. The proposals differ in the unique properties of the DNA, the specific immune response that is targeted, the delivery system used, and the manner of boosting the initial vaccine. Each of the proposed vaccines contains the genetic information to make specific HIV proteins, either from the outer viral envelope or the internal viral core, to induce an immune response. The vaccines do not contain enough genetic information to construct a complete virus, and therefore will pose no threat of HIV infection to study participants. The four research organizations that have received an award and a summary of their proposed projects are listed below.
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As you've discovered in your baby book, the basic immunization schedule for MMR is to do the first immunization between 12 and 15 months of age. Beth, you are right that the immunization is less effective before 12 months. Still, your pediatrician's idea of giving the measles vaccine at eight months in a situation where measles is very common makes sense. This will afford some extra protection for the next several months until your son turns one. The immunization should... be repeated between 12 and 15 months in order to insure full protection later. Experts agree that even though an earlier dose is less effective than a later one, in a situation like yours, the extra dose does nothing but provide early protection -- if the normal dose is still given at the appropriate time.
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Vaccine studies typically only follow those immunized for a few weeks after immunization to see if they develop adverse reactions. By contrast vaccine induced diabetes may not occur for a year or more after immunization. Data ... indicates that vaccines may prevent diabetes if given starting at birth. Researchers are also trying to determine if some cases of Gulf War Syndrome and asthma are caused by immunization.
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Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.
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Vaccines