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Immunization: Diseases
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Occasionally there are complications associated with passive immunization. Diseases such as botulism and rabies once posed a particular problem. Immune globulin (antibody-containing plasma) for these diseases was once derived from the blood serum of horses. Although this animal material was specially treated before administration to humans, serious allergic reactions were common. Today, human-derived immune globulin is more widely available and the risk of side effects is reduced.
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"The growing potential for pandemic outbreaks of infectious disease or terrorist attacks using biowarfare has dramatically increased the need for new and improved methods for safe and easy immunization of large populations," stated Dallas Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson. "I am pleased that the Homeland Security initiative has provided funding to advance new and emerging technology that addresses such a critical need."
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Scientists have developed two approaches to immunization: active immunization, which provides long-lasting immunity, and passive immunization, which gives temporary immunity. In active immunization, all or part of a disease-causing microorganism or a modified product of that microorganism is injected into the body to make the immune system respond defensively. Passive immunity is accomplished by injecting blood from an actively immunized human being or animal.
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In addition to immunization, there are many health topics that are important to disease prevention and health promotion. This new, two-page fact sheet provides information on these health topics and links to useful Web sites on the topics.
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Artificial active immunization is where the microbe is injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally. The microbe is treated, so that it will not harm the injected person. Depending on the type of disease, this technique ... works with dead microbes, parts of the microbe, or treated toxins from the microbe.
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Reports of Sensorineural deafness after measles, mumps, and rubella immunization Arch of Disease in Childhood 1993:69 [2 pgs.] There have been 9 reports of sensorineural hearing loss after MMR immunization. In three cases the deafness was unrelated .In six cases the cause was unknown but MMR remained a possible aetiology.
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