LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterine is a diuretic/antihypertensive drug product that combines natriuretic and antikaliuretic effects. Each component complements the action of the other. The hydrochlorothiazide component blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, and thereby increases the quantity of sodium traversing the distal tubule and the volume of water excreted. A portion of the additional sodium presented to the distal tubule is exchanged there for potassium and hydrogen ions. With continued use of hydrochlorothiazide and depletion of sodium, compensatory mechanisms tend to increase this exchange and may produce excessive loss of potassium, hydrogen and chloride ions. Hydrochlorothiazide ... decreases the excretion of calcium and uric acid, may increase the excretion of iodide and may reduce glomerular filtration rate.
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Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic which reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. Used to treat hypertensive disease and to manage the oedema due to mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure. Oedema due to chronic hepatic or renal disease may ... respond favourably (Weiner, 1990; Reynolds, 1989). It may also be used in patients with diabetes insipidus, due to a paradoxical effect. May be used in the treatment of hypercalciuria in patients who have recurrent urinary calculi composed of calcium salts (Weiner, 1990). The use of hydrochlorothiazide has been indicated for the oedema of the premenstrual tension, if there is evidence of fluid retention (Reynolds, 1989).
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This medication should be used only if your doctor has determined that the precise amount of each ingredient in Hydrochlorothiazide meets your specific needs. Drugs such as the hydrochlorothiazide component of Hydrochlorothiazide have been known totrigger gout and allergic reactions. They can ... raise your blood sugar levels. Potassium supplements (including salt substitutes) or diuretics that leave high levels of potassium in your body should not be used while taking Hydrochlorothiazide, unless specifically recommended by your doctor. Symptoms of excess potassium include tingling sensations, fatigue, muscle weakness or paralysis, and a slow heartbeat. If you develop these problems, call your doctor immediately.
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The triamterene component of Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterine exerts its diuretic effect on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. Its natriuretic activity is limited by the amount of sodium reaching its site of action. Although it blocks the increase in this exchange that is stimulated by mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone) it is not a competitive antagonist of aldosterone and its activity can be demonstrated in adrenalectomized rats and patients with Addison's disease. As a result, the dose of triamterene required is not proportionally related to the level of mineralocorticoid activity, but is dictated by the response of the individual patients, and the kaliuretic effect of concomitantly administered drugs. By inhibiting the distal tubular exchange mechanism, triamterene maintains or increases the sodium excretion and reduces the excess loss of potassium, hydrogen, and chloride ions induced by hydrochlorothiazide. As with hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene may reduce glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow.
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Hydrochlorothiazide is used in the treatment of high blood pressure and other conditions that require the elimination of excess fluid from the body. These conditions include congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and kidney disease. Hydrochlorothiazide combines two diuretic drugs that help your body produce and eliminate more urine. Spironolactone, one of the ingredients, helps to minimize the potassium loss that can be caused by the hydrochlorothiazide component.
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Hydrochlorothiazide was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in one strain of mice and one strain of rats. An increase in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was observed in male mice. No increase in the incidence of tumours at any site was observed in two studies in rats.
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Hydrochlorothiazide