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Humanistic Psychology: Persons
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Humanistic psychology seeks to understand human beings and their behavior by examining values, intentions, and meaning as elements of consciousness. A constructive view of human beings and of their substantial capacity to be self-determining, this science of human experience studies uniquely human qualities such as choice, creativity and the search for personal meaning. This emphasis on the individual is augmented by a recognition of human being’s interdependence with and responsibilities to one another, an acknowledgement that forces in society can either help or hinder personal growth at both the conscious and unconscious level.
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During the 1950s, humanistic psychology began as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which dominated psychology at the time. Psychoanalysis was focused on understanding the unconscious motivations that drove behavior while behaviorism studied the conditioning processes that produced behavior. Humanist thinkers felt that both psychoanalysis and behaviorism were too pessimistic, either focusing on the most tragic of emotions or failing to take the role of personal choice into account.
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One of the main reasons for the lack of research on humanistic psychology is because of its philosophical and theoretical roots. Humanists stress acceptance of people, instead of critically examining their behavior. Rather than seeking to uncover the common mechanisms underlying human behavior, humanists emphasize human uniqueness and the "phenomenological perspective"—the view that people are best understood by examining their specific, unique experiences and aspirations. This personalized view has recently become very popular outside the field of scientific psychology. In fact, the "Personal Power" system sold on television by Anthony Robbins is largely based on the humanistic belief that you are responsible for creating the life you live.
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The humanistic approach to psychology and therapy cannot be summarised in one single definition. The humanistic view is one of "many ways of looking", in that root knowledge of oneself, of others and of the world is based essentially on inner experience and of experiential encounter with others and with the world. Hence humanistic theories of what it is to be a person are of necessity varied, they are different maps but none is the actual territory. Accordingly this statement of UKAHPP's beliefs presents a variety of views, divided into two sections. Firstly fundamental beliefs, the tenets of humanistic psychology, to which all humanistic practitioners would subscribe in varying degrees. Secondly, a range of views from which the practitioner can select those they experience to be true, putting the others aside, rather than rejecting them.
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In Chapter 2, Eugene Taylor and Fred Martin reflect on humanistic psychology's recent lineage and arrive at some rather provocative conclusions. First, there is a window of opportunity for a humanistic reformation in psychology. Second, the question of whether this reformation actually will materialize remains open. Third, the revitalization of humanistic methodology, personology, and psychotherapeutic investigation is likely to bolster the chances of the reformation, whereas the overemphasis on humanistic folk psychology (e.g., meditative and somatic traditions) is likely to dampen these chances. epistemology" as the basis for a new experimental psychology and, beyond that, "a new experimental science," or will it go the way of disconnection from and resultant absorption by the positivistic mainstream?
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Humanistic psychology’s emphasis on the possibility of personal growth and change found immediate acceptance. The methodology applied by humanistic psychologists tends to use alternatives to those focusing on quantification and scientific rigour, but often produces useful data. The humanistic perspective is not applied universally, perhaps because of its emphasis on the individual and its optimistic view of human potential.
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