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Humanism: Philosophies
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Humanism (the philosophy that people are rational beings) became quite popular during the Renaissance. The dignity and worth of the individual was emphasized. This movement originated with the study of classical culture and a group of subjects known collectively as the “studia humanitatis”, or the humanities.
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Humanism, joining Leninism, Marxism, Freudianism, and Miscellaneous Evil Manism is a philosophical attempt to justify evil actions like the abolition of capital punishment for wayward children (part of Stalinism). Hugh Mann and Andrew Hominem were both violent and evil men; a by-product of being a humanist unfortuantely. Andrew Hominem was so violent that he has a style of violence named after him: the Ad Hominem Attack (which is often used by people who don't like humanism and or atheism).
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Humanism, as a philosophy, has its roots in the ancient world. It continues to make significant contributions to the quality of human life, keeping pace with modern technology while remaining rooted in “golden rule” style morals.
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Humanism embodied the mystical and aesthetic temper of a pre-scientific age. It did not free the mind from subservience to ancient authority. If the humanists revered Aristotle less than the Schoolmen did, they worshipped Neoplatonism, the Cabala, and Cicero more. They shifted authorities rather then dismissed them. Even Aristotle, the greatest of Scholastic authorities, did not lack humanist admirers. The great libraries assembled by wealthy patrons of literature like Cosimo de' Medici, Pope Nicholas V, and the Duke of Urbino, devoted much space to the Church Fathers and the Scholastic philosophers.
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Humanism originated in the West with the Greek philosopher Socrates, and in the East with the Chinese philosopher Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius) about 2,500 years ago. Socrates felt that in order to develop sound values people should learn how to think for themselves. Kung Fu Tzu believed that "A society ought to work for the benefit of all its members rather than be used merely as a pretext for the excesses of its rulers," and that "virtue means to love one another." (Paul Strathern, Confucius in 90 Minutes, pages 15 and 19. For those looking for details concerning Confucian humanism, please see links two and three.)
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An excellent book about Humanism is called "The Philosophy of Humanism" by Corliss Lamont. A full copy of the book is available for download at The Corliss Lamont Web Site. The book is in the PDF file format for use with the Acrobat Reader. There is a link on the Lamont site to get the reader if you need it.
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