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Human Cloning: Human Beings
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[C]loning bears a haunting resemblance to a manufacturing line, in which genomes are carefully designed and human lives are fabricated on demand. As Dr. William P. Cheshire, Associate Professor of Neurology at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, points out, this type of setup better suits “the making of replaceable appliances than unique human beings12.” Such a process objectifies human life, completely disregarding human dignity and the sanctity of human life. Again, history raises a red flag. This is not the first time that America has attempted to objectify life. Before the civil war, many Americans wrongly viewed African-Americans as property to be bought and sold. As a result, millions were enslaved, abused, and even killed.
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The prospect of cloning humans has raised philosophical issues, questions about the nature of the human person. Some people have wondered, for instance, whether a cloned human being would have a soul, a concern that most theologians dismiss out of hand. If there were any doubt about that, they point out, the question should have been raised long ago, in cases of identical twins. A cloned human being, after all, would be nothing more genetically than a delayed twin.
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The member States of the Council of Europe and other States in the European Community addressed the issue of human cloning in the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. In 1997, the 19 countries party to the Convention signed a treaty that contains an additional protocol expressly prohibiting "any intervention seeking to create a human being genetically identical to another human being, whether living or dead." The protocol defines a genetically identical human being as a human being that shares the same nuclear gene set as another human being.
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Jaenisch has spoken passionately about the dangers of cloning human beings before--his new results would seem to confirm his fears. Scientists working with Ryuzo Yanagimachi at the University of Hawaii, who was the first to clone mice in 1998... participated in the experiment.
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[P]ublic opinion of the science has been negatively affected somewhat due to the scandal in 2005 involving a South Korean scientist who claimed to have been the first to have ever successfully clone a human (Rusnak & Chudley, 2006). As the world buzzed with intrigue and excitement, wondering what would come next, it was shortly thereafter revealed that this scientist had committed fraud, as he had not cloned a human being. While disciplinary action was carried out against him, the damage had already been done to the science of cloning in the eyes of the public, as this was very bad press coverage for the field entirely (Rusnak & Chudley, 2006).
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The idea here is that embryonic "therapeutic cloning," as the ACT report terms it, be allowed now--but that "reproductive cloning" to produce full-grown human beings not be allowed now. This approach is seriously flawed for many reasons explained at length in The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity's paper "Human Cloning: The Necessity of a Comprehensive Ban" (see www.cbhd.org). Among the flaws are the following.
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