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Huguenots: French Huguenots
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The flight of Huguenots was a double blow to France. The hardworking Huguenots were among the most prosperous citizens of France. Their work ethic had made them masters of the crafts in which France excelled. When they fled, they left behind most of their possessions but carried with them their skills. France's enemies were taught techniques of weaving, lace-making, silk-work, and hattery, once the exclusive possession of the French. Many Huguenots enlisted in the English, Dutch and German armies and fought France.
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The Huguenots were French Protestants. Protestantism was introduced into France during the Reformation, early in the sixteenth century. It was accepted in France by many members of the nobility, by people engaged in intellectual pursuits, and by members of the middle class, particularly those having special competences in the professions, trades, and handicrafts. The Protestant movement in France was not a proletarian upheaval or a liberal agitation. On the contrary, it was a solid, conservative movement of notable respectability on the part of many of the most responsible and most accomplished people in France.
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Barred from settling in New France, many Huguenots moved instead to the Dutch colony New Netherland later incorporated into New York and New Jersey and the 13 colonies of Great Britain in North America, the first in 1624. A significant number of families present in New Amsterdam were of French Huguenot descent, having emigrated to the Netherlands in previous century. The Huguenot congregation was formally established in 1628 as L'Eglise francaise a la Nouvelle York. This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion still welcoming Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Services are still conducted in French for a Francophone parish community, and members of the Huguenot Society of America.
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Huguenots settled at Oyster Point, South Carolina in April 1680. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in Charlestown, South Carolina. The French Protestant (Huguenot) Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States today. Francis Marion, the “Swamp Fox” who so successfully harried the English forces in South Carolina in the Revolutionary War was the grandson of two French Huguenot couples, Benjamin & Judith (neé Baluet) Marion and Anthony and Esther (neé Baluet) Cordes. According to Huguenot Lineage Research – A Bibliography Based on Migration Routes, by Milford S. Dickerson, M.D., “In no American colony did the Huguenots play a more conspicuous role than in South Carolina, even though their settlement was later than in New York and Virginia. …There were five important Huguenot settlements in South Carolina…” A small group of 40-50 Huguenot families settled in Rhode Island in the autumn of 1686 at Narragansett, others at Newport and Providence.
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The performances of "Les Huguenots," during the most brilliant revivals of the work at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, under Maurice Grau, were known as "les nuits de sept étoiles" (the nights of the seven stars). The cast to which the performances owed this designation is given in the summary above. A manager, in order to put "Les Huguenots" satisfactorily upon the stage, should be able to give it with seven first-rate principals, trained as nearly as possible in the same school of opera. The work should be sung preferably in French and by singers who know something of the traditions of the Grand Opéra, Paris. Mixed casts of Latin and Teutonic singers mar a performance of this work. If "Les Huguenots" appears to have fallen off in popularity since "the nights of the seven stars," I am inclined to attribute this to inability or failure to give the opera with a cast either as fine or as homogeneous as that which flourished at the Metropolitan during the era of "les nuits de sept étoiles," when there not only were seven stars on the stage, but ... seven dollars in the box office for every orchestra stall that was occupied -- and they all were.
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War began in 1562 when a number of Huguenots were massacred by the Guises in a church at Vassy. The Huguenots were only a twentieth of the total French population, yet fought so fiercely they were able to win concessions from the Roman Catholic majority. In 1572 a peace was arranged.
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French Huguenots