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Hittites: Peoples
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The Hittites were a powerful and warlike people. About 1595 BC they captured Babylon. Later the Hittites fought against Egypt. The Hittites reached a peak under King Suppililiumas (c. 1380 - c. 1346 BC). Under him the Hittites ruled not just most of Turkey but ... parts of Syria and Palestine.
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The Hittites were Indo-European people who seem to have moved south from the Caspian Sea into southern Turkey around 2000 BC, about the same time that the Trojans were moving into Troy and the Greeks were moving into Greece. The Hittites were different from the Semitic people who had lived there before, like the Akkadians, or the Amorites, because the Hittites rode horses and knew how to make chariots and wagons for the horses as well. But pretty soon after the Hittites came to Turkey, the knowledge of horses spread all over West Asia and into Egypt as well.
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The costume of the Hittites on monuments seems ... to indicate Mongolic origin. Kings and priests wear long robes, but warriors (and the gods at Ibreez and Babylon) wear short jerkins, and the Turkish shoe or slipper with a curled-up toe, which, however, is also worn by the Hebrew tribute bearers from Jehu on the "black obelisk" (about 840 BC) of Shalmaneser II. Hittite gods and warriors are shown as wearing a high, conical head-dress, just like that which (with addition of the Moslem turban) characterized the Turks at least as late as the 18th century. The short jerkin also appears on Akkadian seals and bas-reliefs, and, generally speaking, the Hittites (who were enemies of the Lycians, Danai and other Aryans to their west) may be held to be very clearly Mongolic in physical type and costume, while the art of their monuments is closely similar to that of the most archaic Akkadian and Babylonian sculptures of Mesopotamia. It is natural to suppose that they were a branch of the same remarkable race which civilized Chaldea, but which seems to have had its earliest home in Akkad, or the "highlands" near Ararat and Media, long before the appearance of Aryan tribes either in this region or in Ionia. The conclusion also agrees with the Old Testament statement that the Hittites were akin to the descendants of Ham in Babylonia, and not to the "fair" tribes (Japheth), including Medes, Ionians and other Aryan peoples.
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In ancient time Egypt and the Hittites both had highly developed civilizations respected for their structured ruling class, military genius, political organization, legislation and the administration of justice. The Hittite kingdom had a very powerful queen, As it grew in size it assimilated many neighboring cultures and became known as the people of a thousand gods. Their capital was Hattusas (Boazköy) in what is now Turkey. Egypt’s northern capital was Cairo. Both powerful nations struggled for greater control of resources and people. Many small wars took place between the two, culminating in a famous battle that changed the course of history.
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Hittites were very generous in adopting other people’s religions. Most of the Hittites deities were from Babylonian and Sumerian origins. Whichever nation they have conquered they had included their gods with gods of Hittites, looks like they believed that gods whoever their worshipper are all legitimate therefore worthy of getting their allegiance. In fact the Hittites probably were the world’s first nation having an attitude of religious tolerance.
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The Hittites were people of the highlands and steppes. During their reign, a feudal system existed. They had a written legal code to protect the rights of their citizens, and their religious beliefs were extremely polytheistic and liberal. They worshiped many gods derived from former kings, local deities and mythological figures brought from their original homeland. After a short Golden Age their civilization was mysteriously destroyed.
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