LYCOS RETRIEVER 
History of the Netherlands
built 277 days ago
The part called 'history and description of the foreign possessions' (E 4780-4984) primarily relates to the activities of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company. Highlights of this collection are mentioned in the exhibition catalogue Reistogten om den Aardkloot (Amsterdam: Bibliotheek KNAW, 1995). The following overview is restricted to works which did not constitute part of this exhibition.
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One of the consequences of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo was the creation of the United Kingdom of The Netherlands. This reunion of the southern and northern provinces, which had been separated in the 16th century, lasted 15 years (1815–30). During this period Brussels shared the status of capital with The Hague.
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At the moment of the assassination of William the Silent it might well have seemed to an impartial observer that the restoration of the authority of the Spanish king over the whole of the Netherlands was only a question of time. The military skill and the statecraft of Alexander Farnese were making slow but sure progress in the reconquest of Flanders and Brabant. Despite the miserable inadequacy of the financial support he received from Spain, the governor-general, at the head of a numerically small but thoroughly efficient and well-disciplined army, was capturing town after town. In 1583 Dunkirk, Nieuport, Lindhoven, Steenbergen, Zutphen and Sas-van-Gent fell; in the spring of 1584 Ypres and Bruges were already in Spanish hands, and on the very day of William’s death the fort of Liefkenshoek on the Scheldt, one of the outlying defences of Antwerp, was taken by assault. In August Dendermonde, in September Ghent, surrendered. All West Flanders, except the sea-ports of Ostend and Sluis, had in the early autumn of 1584 been reduced to the obedience of the king.
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In January 2001 a committee of teachers and university historians presented a report to the Ministry of Education about the teaching of history at primary and secondary schools in The Netherlands. In detail the committee proposed which subjects should be taught to pupils from 10 to 18 years old. The committee agreed on the contents of teaching history at school.
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The Netherlands has a history of many great painters. The 17th century, when the Dutch republic was prosperous, was the age of the "Dutch Masters" such as Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer, Jan Steen and many others. Famous Dutch painters of the 19th and 20th century are Vincent van Gogh and Piet Mondriaan. M. C. Escher is a well-known graphics artist. A (in)famous Dutch master art forger is Han van Meegeren.
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Parts of the Netherlands in the south were not liberated by Operation Market Garden either, and at the start of October 1944, the Germans still occupied Walcheren and dominated the Scheldt estuary and its approaches to the port of Antwerp. The crushing need for a large supply port forced the Battle of the Scheldt in which First Canadian Army fought on both sides of the estuary during the month to clear the waterways. Large battles were fought to clear the Breskens Pocket, Woensdrecht and the Zuid-Beveland Peninsula of German forces, primarily “stomachâ€
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History of the Netherlands