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History of Egypt: Egyptian Christians
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The Cambridge History of Egypt offers the first comprehensive English-language treatment of Egyptian history through thirteen centuries, from the Arab conquest to the present day. The two-volume survey considers the political, socio-economic and cultural history of the world’s oldest state, summarising the debates and providing insight into current controversies. As today’s Egypt reclaims a leading role in the Islamic, Arab and Afro-Asian worlds, the project stands as testimony to its complex and vibrant past. Volume 1 addresses the period from the Arab invasion in 640 to the Ottoman conquest in 1517. It opens with a discussion of the preceding centuries to illustrate the legacy of ancient Egypt, and then progresses chronologically according to the major dynastic episodes. Authors have been encouraged to address their topics in the light of new research.
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In the long history of Egypt many foreigners dominated the ancient peoples of the Two Lands, but none was more hated than the Romans. Anti-Roman sentiment soon crystallized around a new religion, Christianity, introduced by the evangelist Mark sometime in the middle of the first century AD. These Egyptian Christians, called "Copts," saw this religion as a tool to use in anti-Roman propaganda and agitation. For this reason, the Romans severely persecuted these early Egyptian Christians. But the religion survived in a form far different than the form it assumed in Europe; Egypt... would not belong to the Egyptians again for many, many centuries.
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The history of Egypt can be traced down from 3300 BC. By this time, Egyptians had written symbols to record their history. In 3100 BC, the Pharaoh, King Menes created Egypt by uniting what were called the upper Egypt and the lower Egypt with Memphis as the capital in the north and Abydos as the capital in the south. He was the one who inaugurated what was called the Ancient Empire (3200-2270 BC). Accomplished and strong rulers like Ramses II and Akhnaton, introduction of calendar, the popular sun-god Re, Egyptian chariots and horses were the hallmarks of the period extending till the early centuries of BC. Slowly, the authority of the rulers diminished and Egypt came under the control of foreign princes.
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In the course of its long and remarkable history, Egypt has helped to lay the foundations of Western civilization and has become a cornerstone of Islam. This guide provides a concise overview of the whole 5000-year span, with a time-line that takes you from the period before the pharaohs to the present day. The guide features sidebars ranging from the Great Pyramid of Cheops to the Suez Canal crisis. Topics include irrigation, monasticism and Egyptian movies and there are illustrations and quotations throughout.
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The modern history of Egypt is marked by Egyptian attempts to achieve political independence, first from the Ottoman Empire and then from the British. In the first half of the nineteenth century, Muhammad Ali, an Albanian and the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt, attempted to create an Egyptian empire that extended to Syria and to remove Egypt from Turkish control. Ultimately, he was unsuccessful, and true independence from foreign powers would not be achieved until midway through the next century.
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The ancient Egyptians regarded this event as the most important in their history comparable to the "First Time or the creation of the universe. With the unification of the Two Lands" by the legendary if not mythical King Menes the glorious Pharaonic Age began. Power was centralized in the hands of a god-king and ... Egypt became the first organized society.
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Egyptian Christians