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Hispanic Americans
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One of the foremost Hispanic Americans to reflect this new ethnic pride was Cesar Chavez, a labor leader who began to organize California grape pickers in 1962. In 1963, Reies Lopez Tijerina founded the Alianza Federal de Mercedes (Federal Alliance of Land Grants) in New Mexico. This group fought to win compensation for descendants of families whose lands had been seized illegally. Another leader was Rodolfo Gonzales, who founded the Crusade for Justice in Denver in 1965. This group worked to provide social services and to develop job opportunities for Mexican Americans. In 1970, Jose Angel Gutierrez helped establish La Raza Unida, a political party based in Texas.
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Hispanic Americans are a small but steadily increasing group in Congress, although their proportion there is less than it is in the general population. In 1877 Governor Romualdo Pacheco (Republican-California) became the first Hispanic American to serve in Congress when he was elected to the House of Representatives. He served two terms and chaired the Committee on Private Land Claims. The first Hispanic-American senator was Octaviano Larrazolo (Republican-New Mexico), who was elected to fill the remaining three months of a vacant Senate seat. In 1935 Representative Dennis Chavez (Democrat-New Mexico) was appointed to fill another Senate vacancy. Chavez was reelected four times and became chairman of the Committee on Public Works.
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Most Hispanic Americans with diabetes (about 90 to 95 percent) have Type 2 diabetes. This is ... called non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This type usually begins in people over 40, but can develop earlier. It is more common in people who are overweight. People with Type 2 diabetes produce insulin but are unable to use it properly.
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Since 1988, when Ronald Reagan appointed Lauro F. Cavazos as secretary of education—the first Hispanic cabinet member—Hispanic Americans have had an increasing presence in the cabinet. The Republican congressman from New Mexico, Manuel Lujan, Jr., became the first Hispanic-American secretary of the interior in 1989. Henry G. Cisneros was sworn into office as President Bill Clinton's secretary of housing and urban development on January 22, 1993, and served until 1996.
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On Election Day, Hispanic Americans rejected Bush by margins that surprised him after his success with them in Texas, and it triggered alarm among Republicans. In California, 28% of Hispanic Americans voted for Bush while 67% voted for Gore. In Colorado, 22% of Hispanics voted for Bush and 70% for Gore. In Florida, where Bush invested the most time courting Hispanics, he received 45% to Gore's 52%. Cuban-American voters there have traditionally supported GOP candidates because of their tougher stance on Fidel Castro.
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Hispanic Americans are ... called Latinos, because most are of Latin American origin. Many Hispanic people in the United States describe themselves simply as Americans. Others, however, identify themselves with their cultural or national background and refer to themselves as Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and so on. Members of some groups use special names to describe themselves. For example, some Mexican Americans call themselves Chicanos, and some Puerto Ricans who live in New York City refer to themselves as Nuyoricans or Boriquas.
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Hispanic Americans