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Hindi
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Hindi is derived from the older Sanskrit, dating back to sometime before the 5th century BCE. The first Hindi poet, Siddha Sarahpad, composed his masterwork Dohakosh in the mid-8th century, helping to herald in the era of Hindi as a truly distinct language. By the 12th century, grammars were being written for Hindi. At the end of the 18th century, a printing press was established using the Devanagari script, and allowing a new age of Hindi-language works to flourish. Finally, at independence in 1950, the constitution refers to Hindi as "the official language of the union."
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Hindi is descended from Sanskrit, sometimes called "the mother of all languages," or "Latin of the East." Hindi developed from the proto-Hindi खड़ी बोली Khaṛī Bolī (lit. "standing tongue"). A mixture of Hindi and Urdu, called Hindustani (though this name is ... applied to the Caribbean dialect of Hindi), is the form heard in most Bollywood films, that try to appeal to the widest audience possible. Hindustani is different than what is taught at the literary level and what is used by news programs and the government in India.
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One of the only stresses found in Hindi is the last long syllable prior to the last syllable (e.g. in "dhānyavād" stress "dhā"). But it is a mild stress which occurs naturally, so don't force it. Don't even think about it!
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