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Hindi: Standard Urdu
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Hindi and Urdu are written using two different scripts. Hindi, drawing influence from Sanskrit, uses the Devangari (meaning: script of the city of gods) script. Written left-to-write, Devangari letters are not usually separated by spaces and there is no distinction of case. A top line runs through the script, across the characters and is rarely broken. Because Devangari was adopted (not created) as the script for Hindi, not all Hindi pronunciations can be written effectively.
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Prospective Flagship students with no background in Hindi-Urdu can now attend an intensive summer Hindi course held on the UT-Austin campus from June 5 to August 18th, 2008. The course will provide an accelerated introduction to Hindi with the intention of bringing students to an intermediate proficiency suitable for entrance to the Flagship program. The Flagship's own Jishnu Shankar will lead the course. Details on admission and curriculum are available here.
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Hindi is written in the standardized Devanagari script which is written from left to right. The Devanagari script represents the sounds of spoken Hindi very closely, so that a person who knows the Devanagari letters can sound out a written Hindī text comprehensibly, even without knowing what the words mean. The entire alphabet has been discussed in the preceding section on phonology.
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A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English includes Perso-Arabic, Devanagari and roman alphabets. In order to display the non-roman characters a Unicode font must be installed. Information and instructions are available on the Font help page.
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Vernacular Urdu and Hindi are practically indistinguishable. However, the literary registers differ substantially; in highly formal situations, the languages are barely intelligible to speakers of the other. It bears mention that in centuries past both Sanskrit and Persian have been regarded as the languages of the elite, even by those of differing ethnic and religious backgrounds.
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Formal speech differs from the informal with both Hindi and Urdu, as the vocabulary draws more on the influences of the language. Hindi incorporates more Sanskrit words, while Urdu draws more from Persian-Arabic. The end result is two vastly different dialects, that a speaker of one may not fully understand that of the other. Such is common on television, as popular shows such as soap operas and sitcoms are broadcast in casual speech and news broadcasts and political messages are spoken more formally. Thus an Urdu speaker can fully understand a Hindi sitcom, but would not understand a Hindi news program. The same goes for the Hindi speaker who would have no trouble understanding an Urdu soap opera, but would find Urdu news programs unintelligible.
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Standard Urdu