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Hindi: Indias
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India’s constitution recognizes 18 different Indian languages, but Hindi and English are considered to be the official national languages. The central government allows each state to choose its own official language.... Within India, native speakers of Hindi are concentrated in the states of Bihār, Madhya Pradesh, Rājasthān, and Uttar Pradesh in northern and central India.
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A general belief prevails that Hindi is the national language of India, but this argument is hotly contested by many non-Hindi speakers. In fact, the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution lists a number of languages recognised as being "Official languages" for the purpose of communication between the Union and the speakers of those states, and none as any national language.
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The writers of Hindi and Urdu came together in London in a major literary seminar to celebrate to discuss the life times and legacy of Munshi Premchand, one of the giants of Hindi-Urdu literature. Supported by Nehru Centre, the conference was organised by the Indian Muslim Federation, UK. Besides scholarly analysis of Premchand's contribution, excerpts of his short stories were read. Here Mamta Gupta reads from the story, Sadgati.
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Due to the influence of Hinduism, Hindi derives most of its high-level vocabulary from Sanskrit. As a result of the Moslem influence in Northern India, Hindi ... has many Persian, Arabic and Turkish loanwords. Due to the influence of Islam, Urd vocabulary has a greater percentage of loanwords from Persian and Arabic than does the vocabulary of Hindi.
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Colloquially and linguistically, the distinction between the Urdu and Hindi is insignificant. This is true for the northern half of the Indian subcontinent, wherever neither learned vocabulary nor writing is used. Outside the Delhi dialect area, the term "Hindi" is used in reference to the local dialect, which may be different from both Hindi and Urdu.
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Tej K. Bhatia Hindi is spoken by 275 million people and is therefore one of the five most widely spoken languages in the world. It is the language spoken in the north-central Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
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