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Herpes: Women
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Pregnant women with the herpes simplex infection should receive weekly viral cultures of the cervix and external genitalia as the delivery date approaches. If the viral culture is positive for herpes, or active lesions are present at delivery, a cesarean delivery (C-section) is recommended to avoid infecting the newborn.
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Women with genital herpes can experience a safe pregnancy and normal vaginal childbirth. This is especially so when a women has a diagnosis of genital herpes prior to becoming pregnant. In the situation where the mother already has a history of genital herpes, she will have antibodies circulating in her blood that will protect the baby during pregnancy and delivery.
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The term embraces primarily two distinct disorders, herpes simplex and herpes zoster, both caused by types of herpesviruses. Other herpes viruses include Epstein-Barr virus, the cause of infectious mononucleosis (see Mononucleosis, Infectious) and cytomegalovirus, which can lead to birth defects when the virus invades pregnant women. Together, these viruses are estimated to cause more human illnesses than any other group of viruses.
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Approximately 50-80% of adults in the United States have oral herpes. Genital herpes is more prevalent in women than men, mainly because female genitals can be infected more easily than males. Genital herpes is more common in blacks than whites, and the incidence of infection tends to increase with age.
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Pregnant women with genital herpes have a greater risk for miscarriage and premature delivery. If the virus is transmitted to a baby during delivery, it can result in severe complications in the baby. A pregnant woman should tell her clinician about her herpes infection.
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One in four women compared with one in five men are infected with genital herpes. One reason may be that the virus can infect a woman's genitals more easily than it can a man's. It becomes more common as people age and the more sex partners people have.
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