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Herpes: Infections
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Consequent to a cell being infected, groups of Herpes virus proteins, termed immediate-early, early, and late proteins, are produced following specific time periods. Research using a new flow cytometry methodology in KSHV indicates the possibility of an additional lytic stage, delayed-late.[12] These stages of lytic infection, particularly late lytic, are distinct from the latency stage. For example, in the case of HSV-1, no protein products are detected during latency.
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Herpes zoster (shingles) is 1 of 2 distinctive manifestations of human infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the other being varicella (chickenpox). Chickenpox is a common and generally benign illness of childhood that is characterized by an exanthematous vesicular rash. Following resolution of this primary infection, VZV becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia until such time when a decrease in cellular immunity triggers the reactivation of the virus.
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Herpes infection in babies can be very serious. Newborns can get severe infections that lead to mental retardation or death. A doctor may recommend a cesarean section to avoid exposing the baby to the virus during birth.
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Herpes is transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact, directly from the site of infection to the site of contact. For example, if you have a cold sore and kiss someone, the virus can infect your partner's mouth. Herpes can ... be spread sexually when there are no visible signs or symptoms.
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Herpes can be contracted through direct skin contact with an infected person. There are no documented cases of infection via an inanimate object (e.g. a towel, toilet seat, drinking vessels) although such infection is theoretically possible but highly unlikely due to the fragility of the virus itself.
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Genital herpes is usually the result of HSV-2 with about 10% of cases being the result of HSV-1. Primary infection is often asymptomatic but many painful lesions can develop on the glans or shaft of the penis in men and on the vulva, vagina, cervix and perianal region of women (figure 12). In both sexes, the urethra can be involved. In women, the infection may be accompanied by vaginal discharge. Genital herpes infections, which involve a transient viremia, can be accompanied by a variety of symptoms including fever, myalgia, glandular inflammation of the groin area (inguinal adenitis). Secondary episodes of genital herpes, which occur as a result of reactivation of virus in the sacral ganglion, are frequently less severe (and last a shorter time) than the first episode.
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