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Herodotus
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Herodotus, often called the "Father of History," is the earliest and one of the greatest in the pantheon of ancient Greek prose writers. He was born in the early fifth century B.C., about the time of the Persian invasion of Greece that was a major focus of his book, traditionally known as the History of the Persian Wars. He was born in Halicarnassus, a Greek city on the coast of Asia Minor, but he spent much of his life traveling around the Mediterranean. His father was Lyxes, but little is known about his parents, and nothing is known about any spouse or children. He probably died toward the end of the fifth century, perhaps in Thurii, a Greek colony in southern Italy.
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Herodotus was a Greek historian in the fifth century B.C.E. His birth was around B.C.E. References to certain events in his narratives suggest that he did not die until at least 431 B.C.E, which was the beginning of the Peloponesian War. In his later years, Herodotus traveled extensively throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. There, he visited the Black Sea, Babylon, Phoenicia, and Egypt. He is best known for his work entitled Histories.
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Conversely... many historians and philosophers who take a more sceptical view of Herodotus' accounts and narratives have a different name for him, dubbing him "The Father of Lies." or "the deceiver." Recent archaeology has begun to prove his Histories were largely accurate. In many cases, Herodotus, unsure of the exact history, would give the most prominent, competing historical accounts of a particular event or region, and then express his opinion as to which he believed was accurate, with an explanation of why.
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The crater Herodotus has a slightly irregular, narrow rim that appears somewhat oblong due to foreshortening. The inner floor has been flooded with lava, and has a darked albedo than its brighter and more prominent neighbor Aristarchus. There is a small craterlet overlapping the northwest rim, but otherwise the outerwall has not suffered significant wear. Nevertheless the rim is unusually thin in relation to its size.
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After Herodotus had resided for some seven or eight years in Samos, events occurred in his native city which induced him to return thither. The tyranny of Lygdamis had gone from bad to worse, and at last he was expelled. According to Suidas, Herodotus was himself an actor, and indeed the chief actor, in the rebellion against him; but no other author confirms this statement, which is intrinsically improbable. It is certain... that Halicarnassus became henceforward a voluntary member of the Athenian confederacy. Herodotus would now naturally return to his native city, and enter upon the enjoyment of those rights of free citizenship on which every Greek set a high value. He would also, if he had by this time composed his history, or any considerable portion of it, begin to make it known by recitation among his friends.
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In the first logos of the third book, Herodotus returns to the beginning of Book Two: Cambyses' expedition to Egypt, which took place in 525 BC. After initial successes and the execution of the last pharaoh, Cambyses goes crazy, and orders new executions: the sacred Apis-bull , his brother Smerdis, the son of his vizier, twelve noblemen, etc.. In the next logos, Herodotus tells his most romantic story: the coup d' etat of the magoi in March 522. One of these Persian priests resembles Smerdis very much, and is able to proclaim himself king; he gains support from Persia's subjects by acquitting them of their taxes. When Cambyses hears from it, he rushes back to Persia, but unfortunately wounds himself mortally (see below). The Persian elite cannot appreciate pseudo-Smerdis' policy towards the subject peoples, and seven conspirators kill the usurper: the new king is Cyrus' second cousin Darius.
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Herodotus