LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Herbert Hoover: Presidents
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In the 1932 campaign Hoover warned that the program of Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt threatened a "radical departure" from the American way of life. His efforts to cooperate with the president-elect came to naught, because Roosevelt and his "Brain Trust" correctly suspected that Hoover wanted to commit the new administration to a continuation of his own policies. When Hoover left office in March 1933, nearly the entire United States economy was paralyzed.
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In the summer of 1885 eleven-year-old "Bert" Hoover boarded a Union Pacific train headed west to Oregon. Sewn into his clothes were two dimes; he ... carried a hamper of his Aunt Hannah's homemade delicacies. Waiting for him on the other end of the continent was his Uncle John Minthorn, a doctor and school superintendent whom Hoover recalled as "a severe man on the surface, but like all Quakers kindly at the bottom." The future president lived with his uncle in Newberg, Oregon for several years following his parents' deaths.
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As a candidate, Hoover had promised aid to farmers, and one of his first actions as president was to call a special session of Congress to enact farm relief legislation. The resulting Agricultural Marketing Act, passed in June 1929, established the Federal Farm Board to encourage the growth of farm cooperatives. The board ... created agencies with the power to purchase surplus crops.
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In 1940, Hoover spoke at the Philadelphia Republican convention. Numerous reporters, including Drew Pearson, wrote that Hoover was positioning himself for the nomination, which, although taking place as France fell to Hitler's armies, was split among four candidates, the isolationists (Thomas Dewey, Robert Taft and Arthur Vandenberg) and the eventual winner Wendell Willkie, who was an anti-Nazi. Hoover said that Hitler's victory over Europe was certain, and what America needed was a man as President who could do business with Hitler, and who had never alienated him. This is detailed in the Charles Peters book, "Five Days in Philadelphia."
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A popular figure in the Republican Party, Hoover became its presidential candidate in 1928. He won the election, defeating Alfred E. Smith. Hoover pledged to improve the government structure, reform business practices, and change the child welfare system. He ... noticed the rapidly rising stock market and tried to put a stop on the wild speculation being by people buying on margin. But he was unable to prevent the stock market crash of 1929.
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After his term ended, Hoover moved first to Palo Alto, California, and then to New York City, where lived at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. For the next 30 years he was closely identified with the most conservative elements in the Republican Party, condemning what he regarded as the radicalism of the New Deal and opposing Roosevelt's attempts to take a more active role against German and Japanese aggression. He believed fascism lay at the root of government programs like the New Deal and argued so in The Challenge to Liberty (1934) and the eight-volume Addresses Upon the American Road (1936-61). An ardent anticommunist and foe of international crusades, Hoover opposed American entry into World War II (until the attack on Pearl Harbor) and denounced American involvement in the Korean and Vietnam wars. His last major activity was heading the Hoover Commission, under presidents Harry Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, which aimed at streamlining the federal bureaucracy.
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