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Heraclitus: Philosophies
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Though out of favor in his lifetime and often frowned-upon subsequently, Heraclitus' ideas have been influential. Hegel cited him as a source of inspiration, and Heraclitus' distinction between appearance and reality, that reality can be known only through reason, has proved to be a cornerstone of philosophical thought - 'Eyes and ears are bad witnesses to men if they have souls that do not understand their language.' Carl Gustav Jung subscribed to the idea that Heraclitus called enantiodromia (literally, 'running counter to'), namely that everything has an intrinsic tendency to turn into its opposite.
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No Greek philosopher born before Socrates was more creative and influential than Heraclitus of Ephesus. Around the beginning of the fifth century BC, in a prose that made him proverbial for obscurity, he criticized conventional opinions about the way things are and attacked the authority of poets and others reputed to be wise. His surviving work consists of more than 100 epigrammatic sentences, complete in themselves and often comparable to the proverbs characteristic of 'wisdom' literature. Notwithstanding their sporadic presentation and transmission, Heraclitus' sentences comprise a philosophy that is clearly focused upon a determinate set of interlocking ideas.
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Panta Rei captures in two words the philosophy of Heraclitus, meaning [E]verything flows. Heraclitus (536-470 bc) argued that everything is in constant motion, continually changing and interacting. Much of the philosophies of the sophists, in ancient Greece, can be traced back to Panta Rei. If you like to discuss philosophy, ideas, educational topics, and more, feel welcome to post a message!
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Panta Rei (pronounced as: Panta Rei) is a phrase that sums up the philosophy of Heraclitus, who lived around 500 BC in ancient Greece. It translates as "everything flows", indicating that everything is constantly changing. Applied to dancing, it means that there are no fixed steps, but that movements smoothly flow into each other, as the dancer is inspired by the music.
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Heraclitus' idea of the Logos was very influential on Jewish philosophers such as Philo of Alexandria, who connected it to Jewish notions of "Wisdom personified" as God's creative principle. Philo uses the term Logos throughout his treatises on Hebrew Scripture in a manner clearly influenced by Heraclitus' work.
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A Greek philosopher of Ephesus (near modern Kuşadası, Turkey) who was active around 500 BCE, Heraclitus propounded a distinctive theory which he expressed in oracular language. He is best known for his doctrines that things are constantly changing (universal flux), that opposites coincide (unity of opposites), and that fire is the basic material of the world. The exact interpretation of these doctrines is controversial, as is the inference often drawn from this theory that in the world as Heraclitus conceives it contradictory propositions must be true.
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